The great blessing of our union with Christ from Arminiamnism/Calvinism
THE BELIEVER’S UNION WITH CHRIST
The final perseverance of the saints rests on the objective basis of the immutability or infallibility of the eternal, redemptive purpose as it is expressed in the believer’s union with Christ. The Scriptures clearly teach that every true Christian has been brought into spiritual union with Christ, and that this vital relationship is by sovereign grace alone, was determined in eternity, is necessarily evidenced in the life, and will infallibly be consummated in glory. The believer’s union with Christ is thus the biblical reality that forms “the central truth of all theology and all religion”550:
• This truth has been largely neglected because of a sacramentarian approach to Christianity. The sacramentarian idea holds union with Christ to be by the “sacraments” of “baptism” (allegedly placing one in Christ) and “communion” (literally or mystically putting Christ into the communicant).
• This truth is also neglected due to the influence of those who hold that the believer’s union with Christ is merely experiential, mystical or subjective, necessarily denying the eternal, redemptive purpose of God; therefore believing that such a union can be dissolved (Arminianism, Pelagianism551).
• This truth finds its foundation in the eternal, redemptive purpose of God. This union was established in eternal election (Eph. 1:3–11), is analogically understood by the union or identification of all humanity in Adam (Rom. 5:12ff; 1 Cor. 15:22), found its reality in the incarnation and redemptive work of Christ (Rom. 5:10, 18–21; 6:1–10; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–3), finds expression in biblical Christian experience (Rom. 6:1–14; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–5ff), and will be fully realized in future glory (Eph. 2:6–7).
• This truth forms the eternal and objective basis for the believer’s experience, confidence and hope. Herein is the only scriptural basis for a true, biblical assurance of salvation. To deny this revealed, glorious truth is to base one’s salvation on an experience, on personal faithfulness, or on adherence to a subjective, legalistic system. In the believer’s union with Christ is revealed the glory of free and sovereign grace in its fullness.
550 J. W. Alexander of Princeton Seminary, as quoted in A. H. Strong, Systematic Theology, p. 795. 551 Arminians or Pelagians are those who believe in free will or plenary human ability, denying the moral and noetic effects of the Fall. It is argued that if man possesses a free will to come to Christ savingly, he also must possess a free will to depart from Christ and so lose his salvation—a complete repudiation of the biblical truth of the believer’s union with Christ. 216
• The believer’s union with Christ is necessarily and clearly evidenced in the life and experience. It forms the basis of all valid Christian experience. It is an integral part of personal sanctification (Rom. 6:1–23; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–5ff).
• This doctrine is plainly taught in Scripture, and consists of two approaches: doctrinal statements and analogical illustrations.
The doctrinal statements include those passages which:
(1) describe the believer’s position as “in [evn] Christ” or “into [eivj] Christ”: Rom. 6:3; Gal. 3:27; Rom. 6:11; 8:1; 1 Cor. 1:2, 30; 15:22; Eph. 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11; 2:6–7, 10; 1 Pet. 5:14.
(2) declare that believers are identified “with [su.n] Christ”: Rom. 6:4, 6, 8; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 2:5; Col. 3:1–3; 2 Tim. 2:11–12.
(3) describe the believer’s relationship or standing before God “by” or “through” [di.a] Christ: Rom. 5:21; 6:8; Gal. 6:14.
(4) reveal that Christ is “in” [evn] the believer: Jn. 14:20, 23; Rom. 8:9–10; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 3:17; Col. 1:27.
There are at least five scriptural analogies that are used to illustrate this vital union of the believer with Christ:
(1) The Vine and the branches (Jn. 15:1–7). The branch must be in vital living union with the vine both to be alive and to produce fruit.
(2) The husband and the wife, or the marriage relationship (Rom. 7:1–4; Eph. 5:23–33). The two become “one flesh” before God, i.e., a single entity.
(3) The body and its members or parts (1 Cor. 6:15, 19; 12:13; Eph. 1:22–23; 4:11–16). Although each member possesses certain distinctions, each is an organic or vital member of a larger whole.
(4) The building and its foundation (Eph. 2:20–22; Col. 2:6–7; 1 Pet. 2:4–5).
(5) The identification of all men with Adam (Rom. 5:12–19; 1 Cor. 15:22, 45–47).
The major passages revealing and teaching the believer’s union with Christ in the eternal, redemptive purpose include the following:
At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you. Jn. 14:20
For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by [in, in union with]552 his life. (Rom. 5:10)
What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? God forbid. How shall we, that are dead [died]553 to sin, live any longer therein? Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his
552 swqhso,meqa evn th/| zwh/| auvtou/. 553 oi[tinej avpeqa,nomen th/| a`marti,a|. “Such ones as we are,” a qualitative pers. pron. “Died”. The aor. tense in v. 1–10 all refer to “having died” as a past fact that is to be reckoned as such in the present experience. 217
death? Therefore we are [were] buried with him by baptism into death554: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: knowing this, that our old man is [was] crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. For he that is dead [died] is freed from sin. Now if we be dead [died] with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him: knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more; death hath no more dominion over him. For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God. Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin,555 but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. (Rom. 6: 1–11)
There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus… (Rom. 8:1)
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. and if Christ be in you, the body is dead because of sin; but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. but if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you. (Rom. 8:9–11)
But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption. (1 Cor. 1:30)
For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (1 Cor. 15:22)
For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead [all died]556: and that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again. wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more. Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.557 (2 Cor. 5:14–17)
Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates? (2 Cor. 13:5)
554
The reference to “baptism” is not literal, but must be taken figuratively. The Scriptures do not teach baptismal regeneration. The term “Baptism” was often used figuratively for identification with someone or thing (e.g., John the Baptist came to prepare or identify a people for the Messiah. Our Lord had to experience a “baptism” of suffering in Matt. 20:22–23; Mk. 10:38–39; Lk. 12:50, etc.). Here, of the believer’s union with Christ. Water baptism is symbolic of this union as an act of identification with Christ, but does not and cannot effect it. 555 The term changes at this point to “corpse,” i.e., the believer is to reckon himself to be as it were a corpse (logi,zesqe e`autou.j Îei=naiÐ nekrou.j me.n th/| a`marti,a|) with respect to sin—wholly unresponsive to sin’s solicitations. 556 o[ti eivj u`pe.r pa,ntwn avpe,qanen( a;ra oi` pa,ntej avpe,qanon. “That if one died on behalf of [the] all, then [the] all died,” revealing the covenant and effectual nature of Christ’s death and the believer’s vital union in this transaction. 557 The Lord Jesus Christ is now exalted at the Father’s right hand as the Lord of glory in an entirely new and different relationship as the God–man (a death and resurrection have taken place); just so, there is a distinct, radical change for every believer—the old life with its significance has passed away, and all has become new by virtue of his union with Christ. 218
THE BELIEVER’S UNION WITH CHRIST
The final perseverance of the saints rests on the objective basis of the immutability or infallibility of the eternal, redemptive purpose as it is expressed in the believer’s union with Christ. The Scriptures clearly teach that every true Christian has been brought into spiritual union with Christ, and that this vital relationship is by sovereign grace alone, was determined in eternity, is necessarily evidenced in the life, and will infallibly be consummated in glory. The believer’s union with Christ is thus the biblical reality that forms “the central truth of all theology and all religion”550:
• This truth has been largely neglected because of a sacramentarian approach to Christianity. The sacramentarian idea holds union with Christ to be by the “sacraments” of “baptism” (allegedly placing one in Christ) and “communion” (literally or mystically putting Christ into the communicant).
• This truth is also neglected due to the influence of those who hold that the believer’s union with Christ is merely experiential, mystical or subjective, necessarily denying the eternal, redemptive purpose of God; therefore believing that such a union can be dissolved (Arminianism, Pelagianism551).
• This truth finds its foundation in the eternal, redemptive purpose of God. This union was established in eternal election (Eph. 1:3–11), is analogically understood by the union or identification of all humanity in Adam (Rom. 5:12ff; 1 Cor. 15:22), found its reality in the incarnation and redemptive work of Christ (Rom. 5:10, 18–21; 6:1–10; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–3), finds expression in biblical Christian experience (Rom. 6:1–14; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–5ff), and will be fully realized in future glory (Eph. 2:6–7).
• This truth forms the eternal and objective basis for the believer’s experience, confidence and hope. Herein is the only scriptural basis for a true, biblical assurance of salvation. To deny this revealed, glorious truth is to base one’s salvation on an experience, on personal faithfulness, or on adherence to a subjective, legalistic system. In the believer’s union with Christ is revealed the glory of free and sovereign grace in its fullness.
550 J. W. Alexander of Princeton Seminary, as quoted in A. H. Strong, Systematic Theology, p. 795. 551 Arminians or Pelagians are those who believe in free will or plenary human ability, denying the moral and noetic effects of the Fall. It is argued that if man possesses a free will to come to Christ savingly, he also must possess a free will to depart from Christ and so lose his salvation—a complete repudiation of the biblical truth of the believer’s union with Christ. 216
• The believer’s union with Christ is necessarily and clearly evidenced in the life and experience. It forms the basis of all valid Christian experience. It is an integral part of personal sanctification (Rom. 6:1–23; Gal. 2:20; Col. 3:1–5ff).
• This doctrine is plainly taught in Scripture, and consists of two approaches: doctrinal statements and analogical illustrations.
The doctrinal statements include those passages which:
(1) describe the believer’s position as “in [evn] Christ” or “into [eivj] Christ”: Rom. 6:3; Gal. 3:27; Rom. 6:11; 8:1; 1 Cor. 1:2, 30; 15:22; Eph. 1:1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11; 2:6–7, 10; 1 Pet. 5:14.
(2) declare that believers are identified “with [su.n] Christ”: Rom. 6:4, 6, 8; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 2:5; Col. 3:1–3; 2 Tim. 2:11–12.
(3) describe the believer’s relationship or standing before God “by” or “through” [di.a] Christ: Rom. 5:21; 6:8; Gal. 6:14.
(4) reveal that Christ is “in” [evn] the believer: Jn. 14:20, 23; Rom. 8:9–10; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 3:17; Col. 1:27.
There are at least five scriptural analogies that are used to illustrate this vital union of the believer with Christ:
(1) The Vine and the branches (Jn. 15:1–7). The branch must be in vital living union with the vine both to be alive and to produce fruit.
(2) The husband and the wife, or the marriage relationship (Rom. 7:1–4; Eph. 5:23–33). The two become “one flesh” before God, i.e., a single entity.
(3) The body and its members or parts (1 Cor. 6:15, 19; 12:13; Eph. 1:22–23; 4:11–16). Although each member possesses certain distinctions, each is an organic or vital member of a larger whole.
(4) The building and its foundation (Eph. 2:20–22; Col. 2:6–7; 1 Pet. 2:4–5).
(5) The identification of all men with Adam (Rom. 5:12–19; 1 Cor. 15:22, 45–47).
The major passages revealing and teaching the believer’s union with Christ in the eternal, redemptive purpose include the following:
At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you. Jn. 14:20
For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by [in, in union with]552 his life. (Rom. 5:10)
What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? God forbid. How shall we, that are dead [died]553 to sin, live any longer therein? Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his
552 swqhso,meqa evn th/| zwh/| auvtou/. 553 oi[tinej avpeqa,nomen th/| a`marti,a|. “Such ones as we are,” a qualitative pers. pron. “Died”. The aor. tense in v. 1–10 all refer to “having died” as a past fact that is to be reckoned as such in the present experience. 217
death? Therefore we are [were] buried with him by baptism into death554: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection: knowing this, that our old man is [was] crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. For he that is dead [died] is freed from sin. Now if we be dead [died] with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him: knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more; death hath no more dominion over him. For in that he died, he died unto sin once: but in that he liveth, he liveth unto God. Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin,555 but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. (Rom. 6: 1–11)
There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus… (Rom. 8:1)
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his. and if Christ be in you, the body is dead because of sin; but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. but if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you. (Rom. 8:9–11)
But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption. (1 Cor. 1:30)
For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. (1 Cor. 15:22)
For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead [all died]556: and that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again. wherefore henceforth know we no man after the flesh: yea, though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now henceforth know we him no more. Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.557 (2 Cor. 5:14–17)
Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates? (2 Cor. 13:5)
554
The reference to “baptism” is not literal, but must be taken figuratively. The Scriptures do not teach baptismal regeneration. The term “Baptism” was often used figuratively for identification with someone or thing (e.g., John the Baptist came to prepare or identify a people for the Messiah. Our Lord had to experience a “baptism” of suffering in Matt. 20:22–23; Mk. 10:38–39; Lk. 12:50, etc.). Here, of the believer’s union with Christ. Water baptism is symbolic of this union as an act of identification with Christ, but does not and cannot effect it. 555 The term changes at this point to “corpse,” i.e., the believer is to reckon himself to be as it were a corpse (logi,zesqe e`autou.j Îei=naiÐ nekrou.j me.n th/| a`marti,a|) with respect to sin—wholly unresponsive to sin’s solicitations. 556 o[ti eivj u`pe.r pa,ntwn avpe,qanen( a;ra oi` pa,ntej avpe,qanon. “That if one died on behalf of [the] all, then [the] all died,” revealing the covenant and effectual nature of Christ’s death and the believer’s vital union in this transaction. 557 The Lord Jesus Christ is now exalted at the Father’s right hand as the Lord of glory in an entirely new and different relationship as the God–man (a death and resurrection have taken place); just so, there is a distinct, radical change for every believer—the old life with its significance has passed away, and all has become new by virtue of his union with Christ. 218
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