You greatly misunderstand why the woman caught in adultery was not stoned. The accusers were unjust by not bringing the man involved in the adultery.
Jesus did not abolish the underlying law, but rather exposed the hypocrisy of the accusers and the requirement that witnesses participate lawfully, concluding with a command to
"go, and from now on sin no more," rather than a structural rejection of the death penalty, which was for over 20 different offenses.
Jesus wrote the names of the guilty accusers in the sand, exposing them as adulterers themselves, causing them to leave the scene.
The death penalty was initiated in the Old Testament by imperfect king judges who were not sinless.
In Genesis 38:24-26, when Judah is told that Tamar (his former daughter-in-law) had become a harlot and was pregnant, he sentences her to death by burning. However, she proves that he (Judah) is the father, and (apparently) the ruling is reversed.
During the period that the Israelites wandered the wilderness, examples include: A man was stoned for gathering wood on Sabbath,
[35] while another was stoned for blasphemy.
In the rebellion of
Korah, the ground opened up swallowing Korah, other leaders, and their families; and a heavenly fire consumed another 250 followers. The next day, all the Israelites railed against Moses and Aaron, blaming them for the deaths, and God sent a plague that killed another 14,700.
During the period of Kings, examples include:
Elijah captured and "slaughtered" the prophets of Baal.
King Asa and the tribes who followed him made a covenant to worship God and "whoever would not worship the LORD God of Israel would be put to death."
King
Ahab eliminated
Naboth (to get his land) by getting false witnesses to testify that Naboth had blasphemed God and the King.
In the uprising against
Athaliah when
Jehoash was appointed king of Judah, Mattan, the priest of Baal was killed.