Originally posted by Kayla:
BTW the teacher is a woman. Yes I would love to read a copy of your son's paper.
Kayla,
I would have to retype it to send it to you, so I will simply do it here and you can cut and paste it.
Mark Osgatharp
Three Pre-Reformation Non-Catholic Denominations
Written by Scott Osgatharp and presented in the Senior English class at Wynne (Arkansas) High School in October of 2001.
Many people believe the Catholic Church is the oldest Christian church in the world today, and no other current day church (except Eastern Orthodox) is believed to have existed before the sixteenth century Protestant Reformation. Although these misconceptions are widely held, an exploration of this subject reveals at least three currently existing Christian groups originated before the Protestant Reformation. Two of these groups, the Anabpatists and Waldenses claim an origin prior to the Catholic Church. The other group is the Hussites, known today as the Moravians.
The Waldenses have a disputed origin. The Waldenses say when the apostle Paul was traveling to Spain he went to the valleys of Piedmont, and started their churches (Weber, page 1). These Evangelical churches of Piedmont (Waldenses)stopped associating with the Church of Rome (the church with which the Roman Catholics claim they originated) when it started to stray from the faith and corrupt itself. Morland states in his
History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piedmont, "But when as the Church of Rome began to corrupt itself, and would by no means be persuaded to retain the purity of that Apostolical Doctrine and Divine worship, then those of the valleys [Waldenses] began to separate themselves from them, and to come out from amongst them, that so they might not be partakers of their sins, nor receive of their plagues." There were several works written in and around 1120 that verify these statements. One of which was called
Qual cofa fia Antichrist? which translates
What thing is Antichrist? (Morland, page 9).
The Catholic Church, however, claims that the Waldenses' account of their origins cannot be believed because their records were thought to have been forged (Weber, page 1). Weber, however, does not give any substantial evidence of these tamperings nor any other reason why the Waldenses' histories cannot be credited. It appears that the Catholic Church makes these claims to preserve their own claims of antiquity.
The Catholic Church feels that the Waldenses were founded by a man named Peter Waldes who was a wealthy merchant from Lyons (Weber, page 1). At the feast of the Assumption in 1176 Waldes gave up all of his earthly possessions and took the vow of poverty. In doing this he stirred up the people of Lyons and many of them followed in his steps. Special groups were formed by these people of the "apostolic poverty." These people preached and brought many others into their group (Weber, page 2).
According to the Third General Lateran Council in 1179, these people's teachings were not doctrinally sound and were prohibited by the Council (Weber, page 2). However, they continued to preach despite the Catholic Church's prohibitions. They felt that they should obey God rather than man. Pope Lucius III gave a Bull of Excommunication at Vernon in 1184 against the followers of Waldes (Weber, page 2).
During the time of the Protestant Reformation the Waldenses became known as Anabaptists. Dr. Ypeij, Professor of Theology in Gronigen, and Reverend J.P. Dermout, chaplain to the King of the Netherlands, both Dutch Reformists, were commissioned by the king of the Netherlands in 1819 to study the claim of the Dutch Baptists (Anabaptists) to apostolic origin (Christian, page 95). In their book,
Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Hervormde Kerk, they made the following statement:
"We have now seen that the Baptists who were formerly called Anabaptists, and in later times Mennonites, were the original Waldenses, and who have long in the history of the church received the honor of that origin. On this account the Baptists may be considered as the only Christian community which has stood since the days of the apostles, and as a Christian society which has preserved pure the doctrines of the gospel through all ages. The perfectly correct external and internal economy of the Baptist denomination tends to confirm the truth, disputed by the Romish Church, that the Reformation brought about in the sixteenth century was in the highest degree necessary, and at the same time goes to refute the erroneous notion of the Catholics that their denomination is the most ancient" (Christian, page 95).
Their findings not only support the idea that the Waldenses and Anabaptists are one and the same, but also supports the ideas that the Waldenses are not a splinter group from the Catholic Church and are older than they. Their findings also document that there are churches that exist today that existed before the Protestant Reformation. John Laurence Mosheim, a Lutheran historian, made a similar statement about the Anabaptists. He stated:
"It may be observed, in the first place, that the Mennonites are not entirely in an error when they boast of their descent from the Waldenses, Petrobrussians, and other ancient sects, who are usually considered as witnesses of the truth, in the times of general darkness and superstition. Before the rise of Luther and Calvin, there lay concealed, in almost all countries of Europe, particularly in Bohemia, Moravia, Switzerland, and Germany, many persons, who adhered tenaciously to the following doctrine, which the Waldenses, Wicklifites, and Hussites, had maintained, some in amore disguised and other in a more open and public manner [etc.]" (Mosheim, page 491).
The last of the three groups that has roots prior to the Protestant Reformation is the Hussites, now known as Moravians. The Catholic Church called them Hussites after Jan Hus, a prominent leader among them (Wilhelm, page 1). Hus, a Bohemian (Greonfeldt, page 446), who was the curate of Bethleham at Prague, defended the beliefs, in 1414, of Wickliff of England. Because of his actions he was put before the council of Constance. When he refused to admit he was in the wrong he was sentenced to be burnt alive. At Constance his sentence was served (Hussites, page 802).
The Hussites, much like the Waldenses and Anabaptists, do not deem themselves as a new church but rather the true original church. This is evident by the fact that they vew Hus to be a martyr of the old religion and not a new or reformed religion (Wilhelm, page 1). At the beginning of the Protestant Reformation it is estimated there were 400 hussite churches with a combined total membership of between 150,000 and 200,000 people (Murphy, page 1283). This proves that the Hussites were well established prior to the Protestant Reformation.
The Hussites had a reform movement in the fifteenth century. The present day Moravian Church came out of the Unitas Fratum which was a part of this movement (Gorenfeldt, page 446). This also is supporting evidence of the Hussites existing several years before the Protestant Reformation. It would not be likely for a church to have a reform if they hadn't existed for quite some time. Today there are more than 500,000 Moravians world wide, 60,000 of which are the North America.
The preceding documentation demonstrates that the Waldenses and Anabaptists not only existed before the Protestant Reformation but also existed before the Catholic Church. Furthermore, it confirms that the Hussites/Moravians were a flourshing group of churches before the Protestant Reformation and possibly before the Catholic Church. Therefore, it can be confidently asserted that the Catholic Church is neither the oldest church in the world, nor the only one existing before the Protestant Reformation.
Works Cited:
Christian, John;
A History of the Baptists, Nashville, Tennessee, 1922.
Groenfeldt, John; "Moravian Church"
Encyclopedia Americana, Danbury: Grolier Incorporated, 1998.
"Hussites"
Encyclopedia Britanica, Edinburgh: Colin MacFarquhar, 1771.
Morland, Samuel;
The History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piedmont, London: Henery Hills, 1658.
Mosheim, John;
Mosheim's Church History, Cincinnati: Applegate & Co., 1855. Original publication in 1755.
Murpthy, T.F.;
Religious Bodies: 1936 Summary and Detailed Tables. Volume 2, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1941.
Weber, N.A., "Anabaptists" in
Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton Company, 1907,
www.newadvent.org/cathen/.9/26/01.
Weber, N.A., "Waldenses" in
Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton Company, 1907,
www.newadvent.org/cathen/.9/25/01.
Wilhelm, J., "Hussites" in
Catholic Encyclopedia, Robert Appleton Company, 1907,
www.newadvent.org/cathen/.9/26/01.