527 Jesus’ circumcision, on the eighth day after his birth,209 is the sign of his incorporation into Abraham’s descendants, into the people of the covenant. It is the sign of his submission to the Law 210 and his deputation to Israel’s worship, in which he will participate throughout his life. This sign prefigures that “circumcision of Christ” which is Baptism.21
Notice that circumcision and baptism are considered equal with regard to initial inclusion of the persons into covenant relationship with God and with the people of God. So I have one question for you -
Could a person living in Israel between Moses and the birth of Christ be saved if uncircumcised? Is salvation under the Old Covenant dependent upon being brought into covenant relationship with God and with the people of God by circumcision?
All of what you said none of it equates to circumcision being a sacrament. It says specifically that it is a SIGN of his incorporation into the people of the covenant. Jesus Christ himself was circumcised.
Baptism Is also a sign, but NOT ONLY a sign of incorporation it is "the circumcision of Christ", The difference is Baptism is not only a welcoming into the Body of Christ it is a sacrament that Justifies.
I can say AMEN to both ROMANS 4, where circumcision makes no difference, and ROMANS 6, where you are justified by Baptism.
You have placed yourself in a position where you can accept Romans 4 and would have to deny Romans 6.
Can you see Baptism Justifying a person here?
Romans 6
3Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? 4Therefore we have been buried with Him through baptism into death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life. 5For if we have become united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be in the likeness of His resurrection,
Because we are buried with him through baptism and have become united with him in the likeness of his death, CERTAINTLY CERTAINTLY CERTAINTLY we shall also be in the likeness of his Resurrection.
It is impossible to downplay baptism.
1 peter 3
20who once were disobedient, when the patience of God kept waiting in the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the water. 21Corresponding to that, baptism now saves you—not the removal of dirt from the flesh, but an appeal to God for a good conscience—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
Baptism NOW SAVES YOU.
"Could a person living in Israel between Moses and the birth of Christ be saved if uncircumcised? Is salvation under the Old Covenant dependent upon being brought into covenant relationship with God and with the people of God by circumcision?"
Sure you had all the women for example who are not circumcised. All still dependent on Christ he is their hero. A saint between the time of Moses and Christ still depends on Christ to be a saint.