The only way to determine how a particular culture or group of people used a word is to study it in the context of their writings and compare its usage in other writings of the same and earlier periods. Therefore, let’s look at how the word αιωνιος is used in the New Testament.
It is used of God.
Rom. 16:26. but now is manifested, and by the Scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations,
leading to obedience of faith;
It is used of divine possessions and gifts.
2 Cor. 4:18. while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen; for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal.
2 Thes. 2:16. Now may our Lord Jesus Christ Himself and God our Father, who has loved us and given us eternal comfort and good hope by grace,
1 Tim. 6:16. who alone possesses immortality and dwells in unapproachable light, whom no man has seen or can see. To Him
be honor and eternal dominion! Amen.
2 Tim. 2:10. For this reason I endure all things for the sake of those who are chosen, so that they also may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus
and with
it eternal glory.
Heb. 5:9. And having been made perfect, He became to all those who obey Him the source of eternal salvation,
Heb. 9:12. and not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.
Heb. 9:14. how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
Heb. 9: 15. For this reason He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that, since a death has taken place for the redemption of the transgressions that were
committed under the first covenant, those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.
Heb. 13:20. Now the God of peace, who brought up from the dead the great Shepherd of the sheep through the blood of the eternal covenant,
even Jesus our Lord,
1 Pet. 5:10. After you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself perfect, confirm, strengthen
and establish you.
It is used to express eschatological expectation.
Matt. 18:8. "If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it from you; it is better for you to enter life crippled or lame, than to have two hands or two feet and be cast into the eternal fire.
Matt. 25:41. "Then He will also say to those on His left, 'Depart from Me, accursed ones, into the eternal fire which has been prepared for the devil and his angels;
Matt. 25:46. "These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life."
Mark 3:29. but whoever blasphemes against the Holy Spirit never has forgiveness, but is guilty of an eternal sin"--
Luke 16:9. "And I say to you, make friends for yourselves by means of the wealth of unrighteousness, so that when it fails, they will receive you into the eternal dwellings.
2 Cor. 5:1. For we know that if the earthly tent which is our house is torn down, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.
Tit. 1:2. in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised long ages ago,
Heb. 6:2. of instruction about washings and laying on of hands, and the resurrection of the dead and eternal judgment.
2 Pet. 1:11. for in this way the entrance into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ will be abundantly supplied to you.
Jude 7. just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, since they in the same way as these indulged in gross immorality and went after strange flesh, are exhibited as an example in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire.
It is used to express a long duration of time short of eternity.
Rom. 16:25. Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for
long ages past,
2 Tim 1:9. who has saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted us in Christ Jesus from all eternity,
Tit. 1:2. in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised
long ages ago,
(All Scriptures are from the NASB, 1995)
It is NEVER used in reference to a millennial period!