Well, there is no need in reinventing the wheel. I see that I already had this article from two years ago on the timing of Daniel 9. Here it is, with a few additions and updates. After this I plan to continue on this topic, exploring other fascinating aspects of this prophetical portion, like counting back from these Seventy Weeks and from the seventy years of captivity to the early period of national Israel's period. There are several scriptural markers to guide our way, like the specific time-period of the Promise Land's Sabbath neglect - contrary to God's specific injunction. But more on that later. First this:
Every once in a while some major piece of the Bible puzzle seems to come into place, and it is always exciting when it does. This is what had happened to me with Daniel 9. But please don't mistake candor for bluster, as if my epiphany is your truth . Your mileage may vary. I am just explaining how I felt when these pieces came into place.
For a long time, although being clear on the sixfold Messianic fulfillment during the 1st century (see article below), and on the events of AD 70, what eluded me was the starting point of this prophetical time. I was led to unwarranted assumptions by a number of writers.
CITY, NOT TEMPLE
Most of these writers trained me - and maybe you? - to look in the wrong direction. The focus was on the temple, and who gets credit for initiating the temple decree that supposedly started the countdown of the 70 weeks. Moreover, adding to the confusion, I hadn't stopped to really study the Daniel passage first of all. Daniel 9:25 never mentions a temple, but the city, Jerusalem. The temple isn't mentioned until verse 26. As far as the timing is concerned, the temple is actually irrelevant.
QUICK SUMMARY
Here is Daniel 9:24 - 27, with emphasis and a few brief interspersed notes added:
24. Seventy weeks are determined upon your people and upon your holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.
The seventy weeks come out to 490 years, "seventy sevens". This period of time is determined ("cut off" *) for Daniel's people and the holy city. It is important to note that in this summary of the very purpose no mention of the temple. The anointing of the "Most Holy" is a reference to the Person of Messiah, not the temple (More on this later).
25. Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.
Here we learn when the period starts; from the beginning of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem. But whose command, Cyrus (536 BC), Darius, or Artaxerxes (454 BC)? Later I will try to show why Artaxerxes is the only likely candidate, and why 454BC (with some "slop factor" either way) is the date that fits. The "troublous times" (tribulation) is sufficiently attested to in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (and Esther, according to some). The builders of the holy city faced enemies both within and without; opposition, infiltration, accommodation, etc. Just like today for those who are part of the City of Zion.
This period totalling 69 weeks (483 years) brings us to AD 29, the very beginning of Messiah's ministry!
26. And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the Prince** that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Christ is not cut off precisely at the end of the 69th week. We are only told that it is after it. More precise information comes in the following verse. What we do learn from this is that He will be cut off not for His own sins ("not for Himself"). And, once again, in the last part of the verse we have subsequent events foretold that are not fixed in relation to the end of this period, only that they come afterward. But all of these events are "determined", just as the duration of the 490 years is "determined".
27. And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
This is perhaps the most misinterpreted prophetical verse in the Bible, the error being helped along by many modern translators who, by using distinguishing lowercase, or by footnotes, identify this confirmer and "breaker" of the covenant be Antichrist.
Actually, this passage is purely Christ.
He is the Confirmer of the Covenant, "This is the New Covenant in my blood".
He causes the sacrifices to cease by His own righteous and God-satisfying once-for-all offering. When He said "It is finished" it was finished.
Since this article is mostly about the timing of the 490 years I will just keep myself to this summary of the other verses for now. I already mentioned that article (below, "Six Promises of Christ for His People") that goes into much greater detail into these six blessings from Messiah.
Continued in next post.
A Puzzle Piece Falls in Place
Every once in a while some major piece of the Bible puzzle seems to come into place, and it is always exciting when it does. This is what had happened to me with Daniel 9. But please don't mistake candor for bluster, as if my epiphany is your truth . Your mileage may vary. I am just explaining how I felt when these pieces came into place.
For a long time, although being clear on the sixfold Messianic fulfillment during the 1st century (see article below), and on the events of AD 70, what eluded me was the starting point of this prophetical time. I was led to unwarranted assumptions by a number of writers.
CITY, NOT TEMPLE
Most of these writers trained me - and maybe you? - to look in the wrong direction. The focus was on the temple, and who gets credit for initiating the temple decree that supposedly started the countdown of the 70 weeks. Moreover, adding to the confusion, I hadn't stopped to really study the Daniel passage first of all. Daniel 9:25 never mentions a temple, but the city, Jerusalem. The temple isn't mentioned until verse 26. As far as the timing is concerned, the temple is actually irrelevant.
QUICK SUMMARY
Here is Daniel 9:24 - 27, with emphasis and a few brief interspersed notes added:
24. Seventy weeks are determined upon your people and upon your holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.
The seventy weeks come out to 490 years, "seventy sevens". This period of time is determined ("cut off" *) for Daniel's people and the holy city. It is important to note that in this summary of the very purpose no mention of the temple. The anointing of the "Most Holy" is a reference to the Person of Messiah, not the temple (More on this later).
25. Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.
Here we learn when the period starts; from the beginning of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem. But whose command, Cyrus (536 BC), Darius, or Artaxerxes (454 BC)? Later I will try to show why Artaxerxes is the only likely candidate, and why 454BC (with some "slop factor" either way) is the date that fits. The "troublous times" (tribulation) is sufficiently attested to in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (and Esther, according to some). The builders of the holy city faced enemies both within and without; opposition, infiltration, accommodation, etc. Just like today for those who are part of the City of Zion.
This period totalling 69 weeks (483 years) brings us to AD 29, the very beginning of Messiah's ministry!
26. And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the Prince** that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Christ is not cut off precisely at the end of the 69th week. We are only told that it is after it. More precise information comes in the following verse. What we do learn from this is that He will be cut off not for His own sins ("not for Himself"). And, once again, in the last part of the verse we have subsequent events foretold that are not fixed in relation to the end of this period, only that they come afterward. But all of these events are "determined", just as the duration of the 490 years is "determined".
27. And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
This is perhaps the most misinterpreted prophetical verse in the Bible, the error being helped along by many modern translators who, by using distinguishing lowercase, or by footnotes, identify this confirmer and "breaker" of the covenant be Antichrist.
Actually, this passage is purely Christ.
He is the Confirmer of the Covenant, "This is the New Covenant in my blood".
He causes the sacrifices to cease by His own righteous and God-satisfying once-for-all offering. When He said "It is finished" it was finished.
Since this article is mostly about the timing of the 490 years I will just keep myself to this summary of the other verses for now. I already mentioned that article (below, "Six Promises of Christ for His People") that goes into much greater detail into these six blessings from Messiah.
Continued in next post.