The problem with the Bundy ranch grazing cattle on public land is that the Preamble to the Nevada Constitution of 1864 (entitled "[PRELIMINARY ACTION" and precedes Article 1) says, "That the people inhabiting said territory do agree and declare, that they forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within said territory, and that the same shall be and remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United States; and that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said state, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to the residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said state on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by, the United States, unless otherwise provided by the congress of the United States."
The federal government claims the public land in Nevada (85% of Nevada) on the basis of that statement in the Nevada Constitution. The problem is that the issue was settled by Article 1 Section 8 of the US Constitution, which disallows the federal government from owning any land in the states except that it may "exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings.
The federal government rightly owns the property occupied by Nellis Air Force Base, Creech Air Force Base, the Nellis Range (which includes Area 51), and Navel Air Station, Fallon. With the exception of the federal building in Las Vegas that is the extent of "Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings." Nowhere does the US Constitution (which is a "document of enablement") allow for the federal government to own countless 100s of 1000s of empty acres that are not being used for defense purposes.