I see lots of free willers quoting this verse in support of their views. I think there are so many things wrong with quoting this verse in support of free will, it's hard to know where to start. First of all, "many"? Why not "all"? That's what the free willers state elsewhere - that all are called. "Chosen"? Why not choose? Shouldn't a free will version of this verse be "All are called but few choose?"
But, IMO, the biggest mistake the free willers are making is that they are taking the verse entirely out of context. The verse appears twice in Matthew. Each time it is the conclusion of a parable. The first parable is the workers in the vineyard in Matthew 20. The conclusion of the matter is:
In the flesh, Jews would be outraged that salvation had not only come to the Gentiles, but even more outraged that the Gentiles might enjoy rewards for which they felt they had worked harder and longer. The Jews were chosen first, and they were dealt with severely and it was upon them that the burden was placed to maintain His word.
But Jesus is saying that there's nothing unfair about giving the same reward to the Gentiles, even if they didn't have to go through everything the Jews did. In fact, some Gentiles, who came into the picture late, would be considered more honored in the Kingdom, and so "the last would be first" in those cases.
So the final conclusion "many are called but few chosen" seems most likely to mean that in the end, God will have called both Jews and Gentiles, but of those two groups, few are among the chosen.
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The second is the parable of the wedding feast in Matthew 22. The conclusion of the matter is:
But there is a catch. Just because God was bringing in the Gentiles would not mean that salvation had come to ALL Gentiles (the same way not all Jews would be rejected, either).
Once again, the final conclusion "many are called but few are chosen" seems to point to the fact that the Jews were called, the Gentiles were called, but of the two groups, few are among the chosen.
But, IMO, the biggest mistake the free willers are making is that they are taking the verse entirely out of context. The verse appears twice in Matthew. Each time it is the conclusion of a parable. The first parable is the workers in the vineyard in Matthew 20. The conclusion of the matter is:
I see this parable as a preparation for the fact that God was about to announce His call to the Gentiles, and that in the end, some Gentiles would be more greatly honored than Jews.13 But he answered one of them and said, ‘Friend, I am doing you no wrong. Did you not agree with me for a denarius? 14 Take what is yours and go your way. I wish to give to this last man the same as to you. 15 Is it not lawful for me to do what I wish with my own things? Or is your eye evil because I am good?’ 16 So the last will be first, and the first last. For many are called, but few chosen.”
In the flesh, Jews would be outraged that salvation had not only come to the Gentiles, but even more outraged that the Gentiles might enjoy rewards for which they felt they had worked harder and longer. The Jews were chosen first, and they were dealt with severely and it was upon them that the burden was placed to maintain His word.
But Jesus is saying that there's nothing unfair about giving the same reward to the Gentiles, even if they didn't have to go through everything the Jews did. In fact, some Gentiles, who came into the picture late, would be considered more honored in the Kingdom, and so "the last would be first" in those cases.
So the final conclusion "many are called but few chosen" seems most likely to mean that in the end, God will have called both Jews and Gentiles, but of those two groups, few are among the chosen.
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The second is the parable of the wedding feast in Matthew 22. The conclusion of the matter is:
This looks to me to be addressing the same issue as the first, only from a slightly different perspective. This time it isn't about who came first or whether it is unfair to give equal rewards to the Gentiles who came afterward. It is a more basic description of what was about to happen. The Jews, having not only rejected God but killed His servants, the prophets, would be set aside (in general - there were a remnant who remained elect, as seen elsewhere in the NT). God would then bring in the Gentiles.7 But when the king heard about it, he was furious. And he sent out his armies, destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city. 8 Then he said to his servants, ‘The wedding is ready, but those who were invited were not worthy. 9 Therefore go into the highways, and as many as you find, invite to the wedding.’ 10 So those servants went out into the highways and gathered together all whom they found, both bad and good. And the wedding hall was filled with guests.
11 “But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there who did not have on a wedding garment. 12 So he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without a wedding garment?’ And he was speechless. 13 Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and[a] cast him into outer darkness; there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’
14 “For many are called, but few are chosen.”
But there is a catch. Just because God was bringing in the Gentiles would not mean that salvation had come to ALL Gentiles (the same way not all Jews would be rejected, either).
Once again, the final conclusion "many are called but few are chosen" seems to point to the fact that the Jews were called, the Gentiles were called, but of the two groups, few are among the chosen.