In my experience, I think it's a combination of both. The worst case I saw was a Pentecostal lady whose husband I know. She doused herself with gasoline and lit a match. Knowing about her denomination and seeing what takes place in a typical service, I believe they drove her crazy.
In my cult experience, the church clearly drove people crazy to the point of thinking it was sin to wear a seatbelt. Or take medicine. And these were Southern Baptists, Methodists, Pentecostals, and walkins. The lead pastor had a THD and taught at seminary. One of his books on the Prophets is still widely used in seminaries today. Several other long term pastors among the victims.