Please note that I'm not attacking the penal substitution view, it's true that
Christ substitutes us to face God's penalty and wrath for us on the cross,
Penal substitution - Wikipedia
There is no doubt Christ suffered at the hands of humankind. “Father forgive them....”
There is no doubt that such suffering was prophecies in the ancients.
However,
1) Appeasement of God’s wrath for believers doesn’t oblige God pouring wrath out upon the Son, for such wrath would then be extinguished, yet wrath remains for unbelievers.
2) At no place in the OT sacrificial system is such wrath as some assign to penal substitution to be found.
3) The Galatians quotes the OT declaring “for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree””. Yet, such was for purpose, not wrath, “
13Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us—for it is written, “Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree”—
14so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith.”
4) There are no OT statements by prophets, nor by Moses types that present a declaration of God pouring wrath out upon the Son.
Rather what is seen at the crucifixion?
Humans in ultimate rebellion toward the Son - remember the parables? (Matthew 21)
The rejoicing of all heavenly hosts as the Son takes the Scroll from God. (Rev. 5)
Even the very statements of the Son found in Psalm 22 do not disclose wrath being poured out by Hod upon the Son, but rather the Son’s trust in God.
Christ certainly suffered forensically (penal) and was our substitute. But the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit working in concert through, and throughout all aspects of the crucifixion brought reconciliation that those who believe are not condemned, yet those who do not are already condemned.