Improvement in human rights now a top government priority
As the security situation in Central Asia improves and Uzbekistan pursues its goal to integrate more closely its civilization, culture and economy to Europe, the government of Uzbekistan continues its deliberate pace of improving human rights practices. Officials have repeatedly said that the government "views the ensuring of human rights and freedoms of its citizens as its highest priority."
The government has taken steps across a broad range of activities in the last three years.
To strengthen the legal basis for human rights practices, the parliament has adopted more than 120 laws and ratified more than 60 international treaties on human rights, including six major United Nations human rights conventions. The government is integrating universally recognized norms of international law into national legislation. Various government agencies are developing action plans to implement major provisions of international human rights instruments.
Moreover, a number of national human rights institutions have been established, including the Constitutional Court, the Ombudsman's Office, the National Human Rights Center, the Institute for Monitoring of Current Legislation, a Parliamentary Committee on Democratic Institutions, as well as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The Ministry of Justice has established a special department on the protection of human rights.
Since 2002, the government has been pursuing widespread reforms of the court and judicial systems, and liberalizing criminal law. In August of that year, adoption of major legislation made substantial changes to the system of criminal law and court practice.
Among these were significant changes in sentencing. For some crimes, penalties were changed to avoid arrest, detention and imprisonment. This has dramatically decreased the number of convictions resulting in imprisonment. According to government figures, in 2000, the number of convictions resulting in imprisonment was about 47 percent. By 2003, that number had dropped to about 35 percent.
In addition, the government of Uzbekistan annually grants a number of amnesties. Since 1997, the government says, nearly 200,000 people have benefited from its amnesty programs. As a result, the rate of imprisonment as a percentage of population in Uzbekistan has dropped to 184 per 100, 000, the lowest rate in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
The death penalty, once provided for in 35 articles of the criminal code, has been eliminated in all but two: terrorism and premeditated murder. It should also be noted that the Uzbekistan government has about 3,000 criminal cases pending concerning taxation and currency violations.
Prison reform is also advancing. Uzbekistan is providing the international community unprecedented access to its prisons and jails. Human rights organizations, other NGOs, and the diplomatic corps have made numerous visits to the country's penitentiaries. For example, in 2001 the International Committee of the Red Cross made five spot visits to prisons; in 2003, it made over 50. In late 2003, President Karimov signed a decree easing restrictions on family visits for first time offenders of lesser crimes.
Last month, the Cabinet of Ministers announced the formation of an interagency task force to study issues concerned with the observance of human rights by law enforcement agencies and improve legislation pertaining to this area. In close cooperation with a number of international partners including embassies and NGOs, the government is developing an action plan to implement the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. That plan was signed by the prime minister March 9, 2004, and incorporates recommendations by UN Special Rapporteur on Torture Theo van Boven.
In a Brussels press conference in late January, 2004, Uzbekistan's Foreign Minister, Sodyq Safayev, said that "For the first time, the Uzbek civil code has a special article which recognizes torture as a crime. Fifteen people from the interior ministry were convicted and brought to justice for committing violations of human rights."