Discipleship = trust in the Lord = sitting at the Lord's feet and hearing his word. That has merit, IMO. I prefer 'sitting at the Lord's feet and hearing his word' = repose or refuge in the Lord, which of it's own necessitates trust. You make an excellent point. I also agree with you that all those in the parable of the sower are God's children.
In your opinion, what's the lesson to be learned in Martha being cumbered with much serving and anxious and troubled about many things? How is Martha to be contrasted with Mary? Is the Lord implying that Martha should cease her activities and sit and listen to Him as Mary is?
I do not believe the seed sowed by the way side was saved. The ground represents the hearer, and especially the hearer's willingness to listen to God's word. The way side is the ground between the furrows, it is where you walk. It is pressed down and hard, seed cannot penetrate this ground, and so it lies on the surface where the fowls (Satan) can take it away.
Luke 8:5 A sower went out to sow his seed: and as he sowed, some fell by the way side; and it was trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it.
As you see, this ground is trodden down. This represents their hard hearts.
Luke 8:12 Those by the way side are they that hear; then cometh the devil, and taketh away the word out of their hearts, lest they should believe and be saved.
Couple of important things to note here. Those by the way side were sown the same exact seed (the word of God) as those who did receive it and were saved. So, God did not withhold from them or show partiality to the others. And notice it was sown in their hearts, just like the others.
But as I said before, this ground was trodden down. I believe this speaks to the effects of sin on the heart. Love of sin makes men cold and heartless. And it is this love of sin, love for the works of the devil that makes them hard against the gospel. They consider the gospel for a moment, and weigh it against the sin they love. Then their love of sin takes them away. This is what is meant by the devil taking the word out of their hearts.
2 Thess 2:9 Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders,
10 And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved.
11 And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:
12 That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.
Have you ever rationalized something? I know I have. I'll be perfectly honest here, whenever I drive down South, I speed. Driving around town I do the speed limit, but on these long trips I will often drive 75 MPH or even more. I know it is wrong, we are to obey the authorities, but the trip is very long and I try to get there as quickly as possible. I used to rationalize that the speed limits were unrealistic, or say that everybody drives over the limit...
You get the idea. Sometimes we want something, even though we know it is wrong. So we will try to convince ourselves that it is OK. That is a dangerous habit to get into.
And this is the seed by the way side. These are those that hear, but they have sin in their life that they don't want to give up. And they will allow themselves to be deceived with lies. They might say they will get saved another day. They might convince themselves that God doesn't exist, whatever, the devil has a million ways to deceive us.
At the end of this parable Jesus told his disciples to be very careful of what they listen to. Those who will sincerely listen to him, to them he will give more. But to those who do not listen, even that which was given them shall be taken away.
Mark 4:24 And he said unto them, Take heed what ye hear: with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you: and unto you that hear shall more be given.
25 For he that hath, to him shall be given: and he that hath not, from him shall be taken even that which he hath.
God does not show partiality. He gives his word and opportunity to be saved to all. Notice in Luke 8:12 that Jesus says "lest they believe". They have the ability to believe, but their love of sin and Satan's lies steals the word out of their hearts.
This seed by the way side never took root, never sprang to life. The fowls devoured it. But the other seed sown on rocky ground, among thorns, and in the good ground all took root and sprang to life. So I believe these were saved, but the rocky ground and thorny ground did not bear fruit.
And what is the fruit of a believer? A godly life of course, but more importantly other believers. We are to go out and reproduce ourselves by telling folks how to trust Jesus and be saved. And how are you going to tell folks the gospel if you do not know the scriptures well? So, it is important that we read and hear the word always.