It is because Holy Spirit was come to effectually call those people, convict them of the truth and bring them to repentance.
Well, you have to read the "effectual" part into the text because it never actually says that, but nevertheless my point was that this didn't happen while Jesus was preaching because that wasn't his purpose.
Are you saying Jesus was lying when He told men to repent and believe the gospel? Are you saying Jesus wasn't giving people a genuine invitation? Isn't that what you accuse the "Calvinists" of doing... that they aren't giving a genuine gospel invitation if they don't believe everyone who hears is able to respond to the gospel and come to faith in Christ.
Actually, judicial hardening of the Jews in their rebellion wouldn't be lying or dis-ingenuine from my perspective for two reasons:
1. They freely rebelled in the first place against God's "holding out his hands to them" (Rm 10:21) and he's desire to "gather them under his wings" (Mt 23:37). (When I say "free" I mean contra-causually free, meaning they could have willingly believed God's revelations but chose not to). This is different from the Calvinistic view because in your view they were never free to willingly believe God's revealed truth.
2. Since they were rebellious by their own choosing (not God's casually determinative decree) the blinding process is not lying but simply not revealing of the truth so that they will remain in that self imposed state of rebellion. Like when a cop hides himself so the speeder keeps speeding, God simply hides the truth so the rebeller keeps rebelling. God, like the cop, does this for a greater good. (BTW, this is the objection Paul is answering in Rm 9, not the objection against Calvinism as is presumed...i.e. "why did God make me like this?" is the cry of a rebellious and hardened Jew, not a man born non-elect in the Calvinistic system.)
What about the ones who did respond with faith? Did Jesus want them to come to faith... but He didn't want those others to come to faith until after He was crucified? Why? Did coming to faith after the crucifixion make you more saved than if you came to faith before?
Well, there were the apostles who were individually selected by God from Israel to be the messengers to the rest of the world, so yes Jesus did want them to come to faith. Others which appeared to believe eventually turned away (i.e. John 6) because it wasn't the right time for Christ to intrust himself to them:
John 2:23 While Jesus was in Jerusalem during the Passover Festival, many believed in him as they saw the miracles he performed. 24 But Jesus did not trust himself to them, because he knew them all. 25 There was no need for anyone to tell him about them, because he himself knew what was in their hearts.
So, while many express belief in Jesus they didn't receive the Holy Spirit until after the crucifixion, at which time Jesus is trusting himself to them and sealing them with the promise. Even the apostles, who were clearly chosen by God, didn't fully understand the mystery of the gospel until after the Holy Spirit came. Everything they did understand (like Peter's profession) was directly revealed to them by God, because they didn't have the Holy Spirit yet.
Let me ask you this. If men have the ability to figure it out on their own, without any "effectual working"
I have to stop you there. I don't believe men can "figure it out on their own." Instead I believe the words of the gospel ARE wrought by the Holy Spirit, preserved by the Holy Spirit, and carried by messengers indwelled by the Holy Spirit which give us the ability to understand the mystery and the appeal to be reconciled to God. During most of the NT account people aren't even aware of this mystery because it is just being made known to them. How?
1. Through an effectual inward working that is never clearly expounded upon in the text.
OR
2. Through the powerful Holy Spirit wrought gospel message of reconciliation which is taught about clearly and often.
There is no reason to believe the powerful truth of the gospel's appeal is insufficient to allow men a free response. Find me the scripture which teaches this and I'll be the first to admit my error.
Your own argument undermines your stated beliefs.
Only if you don't understand true Arminian beliefs, which sound much more like Calvinistic ones than most realize today.