This is the doctrine of double predestination, which is falsely attributed to Calvin as if he were its originator! Augustine, Gottschalk (a ninth‐century theologian), Luther, Bucer (the Strasbourg reformer), and others had taught this doctrine before Calvin.
It is also false to assert that the doctrine of predestination or that the sovereigntyof God is the central doctrine in Calvin’s theology. There are four confessions attributed to Calvin, and of these, three allude only incidentally to predestination. The same is true of his later Catechism of 1541, the Geneva Catechism (see Qs. 100 and 157), where again there is no mention of reprobation (i.e., election to damnation). It was unquestionably an important doctrine for Calvin, for he devotes four chapters to this subject in the Institutes (4.21‐24). But this was due largely to various attacks on the doctrine. In the first edition of the Institutes (1536) it is mentioned briefly only in two places.
Not surprisingly, this doctrine is a stumbling block to human reason, particularly double predestination. It appears unjust and arbitrary and would seem to make people unresponsible for their decisions. Calvin recognizes these difficulties and himself raises the question, “Why should the Lord deem the former [the predestined] worthy of his mercy, but exercise his severe judgment on the latter?” He answers simply, “Let us leave the cause in his hand, for he has for the best of reasons willed to hide it from us” (sec. 13). He also warns his readers against trying to fathom the hidden decree of God. We should instead recognize the paucity of our wisdom remind us of the words of the apostle Paul; “Who are you, a human being, to argue
with God? Will what is molded say to the one who molds it, ‘Why have you made me like this?’” (Rom. 9:20; cf. Inst. 3.23.1, 4, 5, where Calvin quotes this and similar texts). In any case, we should not accuse God of being unjust. Rather, “let us acknowledge among ourselves that this dispensation of the Lord, although hidden to us, is nonetheless just and holy” (sec. 13).