This is the fallacy of setting up a "false dichotomy." Its also called the "either-or fallacy" and it involves a situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are other options.
Your two alternatives are:
Christ died for all either means:
1) He died for every individual, which means all would be saved (universalism): or as you put it, "that would mean that the ungodly world was now "living for Christ."
or
2) He died only for the elect
The problem is that there are other options:
3) He died for believers (this view would say that Christ foreknows who will believe and thus only died for them)
4) He died provisionally for everyone (provisional atonement - which is my view): This view is just like it sounds and I've expounded on it numerously in other posts (I can direct you to them if needed or desired)
But what do the means of "persuasion" such as "envy" (Rm 11:14) and signs and wonders accomplish that the effectual calling does not?
They are all means God employs..in those who are effectually called to bring them to salvation. The cross was not provisional but definate and actual.
You did not respond to what i posted about Pauls appeal as it relates to this passage...we are ambassadors for Christ