From "Aristotle For Everybody," Mortimer J. Adler, p. 42"
1. Material cause: That out of which something is made.
2. Efficient cause: That by which something is made.
3. Formal cause: That into which something is made.
4. Final cause: That for the sake of which something is made.
Thus communion:
1. Material cause: The bread and the wine.
2. Efficient cause: The blessing of the bread and the wine by the priest.
3. Formal cause: The Holy Spirit.
4. Final cause: Our blessing by the Holy Spirit as evidence of our salvation.
1. Material cause: That out of which something is made.
2. Efficient cause: That by which something is made.
3. Formal cause: That into which something is made.
4. Final cause: That for the sake of which something is made.
Thus communion:
1. Material cause: The bread and the wine.
2. Efficient cause: The blessing of the bread and the wine by the priest.
3. Formal cause: The Holy Spirit.
4. Final cause: Our blessing by the Holy Spirit as evidence of our salvation.