I believe the Bible means what it says. Thus,
Romans 5:19 says by the disobedience of the one (Adam) the many (everyone save Christ) were made sinners, and thus were conceived in iniquity.
Scripture is clear. No one was justified before Christ died. Because everyone that is justified, is justified through Christ's faithfulness on the cross.
Romans 4:5 does not say Abraham was made righteous or justified. It says his faith (Abraham's faith) was credited as righteousness. That determination gave Abraham approval by faith, and he waited in "Abraham's bosom" until after Christ died to be made perfect, righteous and holy.
There is no support for a "legal" righteousness before Christ died. Yes, Abraham was a righteous man, but still a sinner needing to be washed by the blood of the Lamb. There is no other way. No one comes to the Father except through Me (Jesus).
Romans 3:24
being
justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is
in Christ Jesus;
Only when God credits our faith toward Christ as righteousness, does God transfer us out of the realm of darkness, and into the kingdom of His Son. Justification occurs through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus. No one was ever justified except by the blood of Christ.
What does it mean - justification by faith. Does our faith magically justify us with God? Or should we say justification based on faith. The idea being God justifies us (forgives and removes our sin burden) based on Him crediting our faith as righteousness.
Lets consider four verses,
Romans 3:28,
Romans 5:1,
Galatians 2:16 and
Galatians 3:24.
We do not find the phrase "justification by faith" in the NASB, but we do find "justified by faith" in these verses. Interestingly, the NET translates "justified" as "declared righteous." And also the NET translates
Galatians 2:16 as referring to being justified by [based on or through] Christ's faithfulness, not ours.
Galatians 3:24 again refers to us being justified based on faith.
G1344,
dikaioō, is translated a number of different ways including "declared righteous" vindicated, and freed, but the context would allow it to be translated justify, justified everywhere it appears.
In summary, we are justified based on our faith in Christ being credited as righteousness by God through the faithfulness of Christ on the cross.
If we translate the preposition "ek" as based on, "dia" as through, "ex" as from, and the construction lacking a separate preposition as by, we get these translations of our verses:
Romans 3:28 For we consider a person to be justified by faith apart from the works of the law.
Romans 5:1 Therefore, since we have been justified based on faith through our Lord Jesus Christ, we have peace with God.
Galatians 2:16 Knowing that a person is not justified from the works of the law but through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ, even we have come to believe in Christ Jesus, so that we may be justified based on the faithfulness of Christ and not from the works of the law, because from the works of the law no one will be justified.
Galatians 3:24 Thus the law has become our escort to Christ, so that we could be justified based on faith.