The question is: what was the criterion for election that the Godhead (with the participation of the Word) based himself on in order to choose some but not others.
" according as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:
5 having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will,
6 to the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us accepted in the beloved." ( Ephesians 1:4-6 )
IMO, there's your criterion...the good pleasure of His will.
As for the Godhead,
I do not see anywhere in Scripture that Christ Himself chose His bride...
God the Father chose a people for Himself ( Isaiah 43:21, Romans 9:21-24, 1 Peter 2:9 ), gave them to His Son ( John 6:39, John 6:65, John 17:2 ) and caused them to approach Him ( Psalms 65:4 ) in time.
His Son, by whom everything was created ( John 1:1-3 ) came, lived, died, and rose again the 3rd day ( 1 Corinthians 15:1-4 ) to make atonement for them ( Matthew 1:21, John 10:11 ), defeat the works of the Devil ( 1 John 3:8 ), and many other important truths.
The criterion for election is the purpose and grace of God ( 2 Timothy 1:9 ), which includes His deciding to have mercy on someone ( Exodus 33:19, Romans 9:14-18 ) or not to.
That purpose and grace are manifested through Jesus Christ as our best Friend, Saviour and Lord,
Who only gives eternal life, which is to know Him and His Father ( John 17:3 ), to
as many as God the Father gave Him ( John 17:2 ).
The Holy Spirit is the One who sanctifies His children ( 2 Thessalonians 2:13-14 ), God the Father calls them ( 2 Thessalonians 2:14, 2 Timothy 2:8-9 ), and the Spirit acts as Comforter ( John 14:16, 1 Thessalonians 4:18 ), Teacher ( 1 John 2:20-27 ) and Overcomer ( Romans 8:13, Galatians 5:16, 1 John 4:4 ).
So, the Godhead plays separate roles in the lives of His children.
The criterion for election is not and never has been their faith, which functions as the evidence of their salvation ( Hebrews 11:1 ), and by it they do many good works and endure many trials and tribulations ( Hebrews 11 ).
It has
always been Him and His purposes.
The God I worship does as He wishes with sinful men ( Daniel 4:35, Romans 9:14-18 ), who have nothing to stand on except His mercy and grace alone.
Finally,
I think that many of the answers that you find, when asking some "Calvinists" about the criterion of election, are based on how far along in their personal studies one has come...
For example, I would not have given you the same answer even 10 years ago that I do now.
This is what has led to me stating that the Bible cannot be "systematized", at least fully.
One cannot systematize that which is only understood by the power and grace of God.
it also takes study ( 2 Timothy 2:15 ) by which one grows ( 1 Peter 2:2 ) in both knowledge and grace ( 2 Peter 3:18 ).
God must be the one who opens the hearts ( Acts of the Apostles 16:14 ) and understandings ( Luke 24:45 ).
It is either given to a person to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God ( Matthew 13:11 ) or it is not.
One is either "of God" ( John 8:47 ), or not .
May God bless you sir.
