Understanding Romans 1:3-4

[Van]

Romans 1:3-4
[The gospel] "...concerning His Son, who was born of a descendant of David according to the flesh,who was declared the Son of God with power according to the Spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord,

Was Jesus "declared" to be the Son of God when He was resurrected? Nope See Mark 1:1.

So what would be a better translation choice for "horizō" (G3724)? His resurrection demonstrated or manifested that Jesus was indeed the Son of God, just as He had said.

Since Joseph was not His biological father, He was a descendant of David according to the flesh [of Mary His biological mother]. Support for this view in found in Luke 3:23, where Joseph is declared the son of "Eli" (also spelled "Heli"). Since Joseph's biological father was Jacob (Matthew 1:16) then "Eli" would be Mary's biological father and Joseph's father in law. Thus the ensuring line of ancestry is Mary's and clearly goes back not only to David, but continues back to Abraham.

Christ means "Anointed One" and thus Acts of the Apostles 10:38 indicates Jesus was anointed with power by the Holy Spirit.

 

[percho]

Is Mark 1:1 speaking of Matt 1:25 or Mark 1:14/15 as the beginning? Consider The gospel of Jesus as being the word God sent, the gospel, of Acts 10:36-40 compared to Mark 1:14 and what Paul said in 1 Cor 15:1-4.

I believe the gospel is relative to the kingdom of God and being born into it, with Jesus being the firstborn out of the dead, having, preeminence, thereof. Rom 1:4

 

[AustinC]

One ought to quote the entire sentence.

*Romans 1:1-7*
Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which he promised beforehand through his prophets in the holy Scriptures, concerning his Son, who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith for the sake of his name among all the nations, including you who are called to belong to Jesus Christ, To all those in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

*Romans 1:1-7*
This letter is from Paul, a slave of Christ Jesus, chosen by God to be an apostle and sent out to preach his Good News. God promised this Good News long ago through his prophets in the holy Scriptures. The Good News is about his Son. In his earthly life he was born into King David’s family line, and he was shown to be the Son of God when he was raised from the dead by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is Jesus Christ our Lord. Through Christ, God has given us the privilege and authority as apostles to tell Gentiles everywhere what God has done for them, so that they will believe and obey him, bringing glory to his name. And you are included among those Gentiles who have been called to belong to Jesus Christ. I am writing to all of you in Rome who are loved by God and are called to be his own holy people. May God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ give you grace and peace.

 

[Deacon]

1:4 the-(one) having-been-appointed/declared Son of-God in power

a. aorist pass. participle of ὁρίζω (LN 37.96) (BAGD 1.b. p. 581):

‘to be appointed’ [BECNT, HNTC, ICC2, NTC, WBC; NCV, NET],
‘to be designated’ [LN, NICNT],
‘to be established as’ [AB],
‘to be declared’ [BAGD; GW, KJV, NASB, NIV],
‘to be declared to be’ [NRSV],
‘to be proclaimed’ [REB],
‘to be proved’ [CEV],
‘to be shown to be’ [NLT, TEV].​

b. ἐν with dative object (LN 13.8, 89.80) (BAGD III.2. p. 261): ‘in’ [HNTC, ICC2, LN (13.8), NICNT, WBC; GW, NET], ‘with’ [AB, BAGD, LN (13.8, 89.80); KJV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, TEV], ‘invested with’ [NTC], ‘by’ [REB], not explicit [CEV].

David Abernathy, An Exegetical Summary of Romans 1–8, 2nd ed. (Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2008), 17.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ὁρίζω; 1 aor. ὥρισα; Pass., pf. ptcp. ὡρισμένος; 1 aor. ptcp. ὁρισθείς; (fr. ὅρος a boundary, limit); fr. [Aeschyl. and] Hdt. down; to define; i.e.
1. to mark out the boundaries or limits (of any place or thing): Hdt., Xen., Thuc, al.; Num. 34:6; Josh. 13:27.

2. to determine, appoint: with an acc. of the thing, ἡμέραν, Heb. 4:7; καιρούς, Acts 17:26, (numerous exx. fr. Grk. auth. are given in Bleek, Hebr.-Br. ii. 1 p. 538 sq.); pass. ὡρισμένος, ‘determinate,’ settled, Acts 2:23; τὸ ὡρισμ. that which hath been determined, acc. to appointment, decree, Lk. 22:22;
with an acc. of pers. Acts 17:31 (ᾧ by attraction for ὅν [W. § 24, 1; B. § 143, 8]); pass. with a pred. nom. Ro. 1:4 (for although Christ was the Son of God before his resurrection, yet he was openly appointed [A. V. declared] such among men by this transcendent and crowning event); ὁρίζω, to ordain, determine appoint, Acts 10:42; foll. by an inf. Acts 11:29 (Soph. fr. 19 d. [i.e. Aegeus (539), viii. p. 8 ed. Brunck]). [Comp.: ἀφ-, ἀπο-δι-, προ-ορίζω.]*

Joseph Henry Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Being Grimm’s Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York: Harper & Brothers., 1889), 453.​

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(2) BDB [Brown, Driver, Briggs] Lexicon
ὁρίζω (ὅρος) fut. 3 sg. ὁριεῖ LXX; 1 aor. ὥρισα, pf. 3 pl. ὁρίκασιν (Tat. 17, 3). Pass.: 1 aor. 3 sg. ὡρίσθη (Just., A I, 44, 12); ptc. ὁρισθείς; pf. ptc. ὡρισμένος (Aeschyl., Hdt.+)

① from the basic mng., ‘to separate entities and so establish a boundary’, derives the sense ‘to define ideas or concepts’: set limits to, define, explain (X. et al. [as Ath. 6, 1] in act. and mid.) περί τινος give an explanation concerning someth. 12:1. τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ὥρισεν he defined the water and the cross together (i.e. in the section on the tree by the streams of water Ps 1:3) 11:8. Sim.

② to make a determination about an entity, determine, appoint, fix, set

ⓐ of things
α. expressed by the acc. προφήτης ὁρίζων τράπεζαν a prophet who orders a meal (s. τράπεζα 2) D 11:9 (w. double acc.: Πυθαγόρας … ἔσχατον ὁρίζει φύσιν Theoph. Ant. 3, 7 [p. 216, 12]).—Of time (Pla., Leg. 9 p. 864e; Demosth. 36, 26 ὁ νόμος τὸν χρόνον ὥρισεν; Epict., Ench. 51, 1; PFlor 61, 45 [85 a.d.]; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 230; Just., D. 102, 4 χρόνους; more freq. pass., s. below) ἡμέραν Hb 4:7. ὁρ. προστεταγμένους καιρούς set appointed times Ac 17:26.—μηδὲν ὁρίζοντες μηδὲ νομοθετοῦντες without making rules or ordinances GMary 463, 29.—Pass. (SIG 495, 171; PFay 11, 16 [c. 115 b.c.]; PAmh 50, 15; PTebt 327, 12 al.) ὡρισμένοι καιροί (Diod S 1, 41, 7; cp. 16, 29, 2; Jos., Ant. 6, 78) appointed times 1 Cl 40:2. ὡρισμένης τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης after this day has been fixed Hv 2, 2, 5 (Diod S 2, 59, 5; 20, 110, 1 ὡρισμένη ἡμέρα; Herodian 1, 10, 5 ὡρισμένης ἡμέρας; Pollux 1, 67).—ὁ ὡρισμένος τόπος the appointed place 19:1 (cp. Iren. 5, 31, 2 [Harv. II 412, 1]). οἱ ὡρισμένοι νόμοι the established laws Dg 5:10. ὁ ὡρισμένος τῆς λειτουργίας κανών the established limits of (one’s) ministry 1 Cl 41:1. ἡ ὡρισμένη βουλή the definite plan Ac 2:23.—Subst. (cp. SIG 905, 14 τῶν ὁρισθέντων ἄγνοια) κατὰ τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance with the (divine) decree Lk 22:22.
β. by an inf. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 3 §12 ἀντιδοῦναι=to give as recompense; ApcMos 28 φυλάττειν; B-D-F §392, 1a) ὥρισαν … πέμψαι they determined (perh. set apart; so Field, Notes 119f and TGillieson, ET 56, ’44/45, 110) … to send Ac 11:29; by an indirect quest. 1 Cl 40:3.
ⓑ of persons appoint, designate, declare:
God judges the world ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν through a man whom he has appointed Ac 17:31. Pass. ὁ ὡρισμένος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κριτής the one appointed by God as judge 10:42. Of eccl. superintendents or overseers οἱ κατὰ τὰ πέρατα ὁρισθέντες those who are appointed in distant lands IEph 3:2. W. double acc. declare someone to be someth. (Meleag. in Anth. Pal. 12, 158, 7 σὲ γὰρ θεὸν ὥρισε δαίμων) pass. τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ ἐν δυνάμει who has been declared to be the powerful son of God Ro 1:4.—DELG s.v. ὅρος. M-M. TW.

William Arndt et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000), 723.
​

 

[37818]

Was Jesus "declared" to be the Son of God when He was resurrected? Nope

Wrong.
Acts of the Apostles 13:33, ". . . God hath fulfilled the same unto us their children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written in the second psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee. . . ."

 

[Van]

I see that the three prior posts apparently think "demonstrated or manifested" is not a viable choice to translate "horizō" (G3724).

Nonsense.

From post #4:
1) "‘to be shown to be’ [NLT, TEV]."
2) Thayer's Greek Lexicon, "Romans 1:4 (for although Christ was the Son of God before his resurrection, yet he was openly appointed (A. V. declared) such among men by this transcendent and crowning event);
3) BDB "give an explanation concerning something."

As anyone can see, within the range of meaning are "show, demonstrate and manifest.

Jesus was not initially declared to be the Son of God by His resurrection, but His resurrection demonstrated He is the Son of God!

See Matthew 8:29, where demons declare Jesus is the Son of God.

See Matthew 27:43 where the claim was reiterated.

See Luke 1:35.

See John 3:18.

 

[Van]

CEB
He was publicly identified as God’s Son with power through his resurrection from the dead, which was based on the Spirit of holiness. This Son is Jesus Christ our Lord.

CJB
he was powerfully demonstrated to be Son of God spiritually, set apart by his having been resurrected from the dead; he is Yeshua the Messiah, our Lord.

CEV
This good news is about his Son, our Lord Jesus Christ! As a human, he was from the family of David. But the Holy Spirit proved that Jesus is the powerful Son of God, because he was raised from death.

ERV
The Good News is about God’s Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. As a human, he was born from the family of David, but through the Holy Spirit he was shown to be God’s powerful Son when he was raised from death.

GNT
as to his divine holiness, he was shown with great power to be the Son of God by being raised from death.

NLT
and he was shown to be the Son of God when he was raised from the dead by the power of the Holy Spirit. He is Jesus Christ our Lord.

NMB
and was with power identified as the Son of God by the Holy Spirit, who sanctifies since the time that Jesus Christ our Lord rose up from death.

WE
He came alive from death. That showed he was God's Son. He had God's power. God's Holy Spirit did all this.

From the above examples, we have established that "...His resurrection demonstrated or manifested that Jesus was indeed the Son of God, just as He had said." Jesus was not initially declared to be the Son of God by His resurrection, but His resurrection demonstrated He is the Son of God!