3 Days & 3 Nights; & the Last Week of Jesus, Trials, Crucifixion, Death, Burial, Res.

[One Baptism]

Without resorting to various theories as held by others, what does the text plainly give to us?

We read that on the very same day that Jesus was Crucified, being the Passover, the 14th of Aviv/Nisan, the sixth day of the week,

[1] Jesus died “about the ninth hour” [approximately 3 PM], according to the Scripture [Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:33-34; Luke 23:44], in fulfillment of Prophecy and Typology, He being the “Lamb of God”, even the “Passover” Lamb, prepared for the “evening sacrifice” (and as an additional note, see also the importance of the "morning" sacrifice, and when Jesus was Hung upon the Cross and for how long He was therefore).

[2] Joseph of Arimathaea had time on that same day after Jesus' death to approach and ask of Pilate for the Body of Jesus [Matthew 27:57-58; Mark 15:42-43; Luke 23:50-52; John 19:38].

[3] Pontius Pilate had time on that same day after Jesus' death to summon the guard, and inquire about Jesus' death [Mark 15:44-45].

[4] Joseph of Arimathaea on that same day had time to come back from asking Pilate, and the inquisition made by Pilate to the Soldier, to the Cross, and take down the body of Jesus to be carried away [John 19:38].

[5] Joseph of Arimathaea had time on that same day, after Jesus' death and after asking Pontius Pilate for the body of Jesus, and the inquisition made of Pilate to the guard, and taking Jesus down and way, to then purchase afterward [“And bought”] “fine linen” to wrap Jesus' body in [Mark 15:46].

[6] Nicodemus had time on that same day to bring [“brought”] “a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about an hundred pound [weight]” [John 19:39] along with Joseph of Arimathaea to then “wound it in linen clothes with the spices” and embalm the body of Jesus with [Matthew 27:59; Mark 15:46; Luke 23:53; John 19:40].

[7] According to the texts, there was still time before the Sabbath, according to the commandment [Luke 23:56] had come, as the Scriptures reveal that it was still “the preparation day”, though the “sabbath drew on” [or was nearing] [Luke 23:54].

[8] They all had time on that same day, even after all these events to go to the tomb with Jesus and lay Him in the tomb, and seal it [Matthew 27:60-61; Mark 15:47; Luke 23:55; John 19:41-42].

[9] Even after the women saw how Jesus was laid in the tomb, and the tomb then sealed, they still had sufficient time before the sabbath was upon them to “return” from the tomb to their homes.

[10] Once the women had “returned” to their homes [some Jerusalem, others possibly Olivet] they still had enough time, because the Scriptures recorded that they then “prepared spices and ointments” [Luke 23:56] before the Sabbath, in which they then when it had come, finally, “rested according to the commandment.” [Luke 23:56] and later came after the sabbath was past, even early in the morning of the first day of the week, even "bringing the spices which they had prepared" (Luke 24:1) the day of Christ's Crucifixion, wherein then it is obvious that they "had bought" them that day, the sixth day of the week, before the 7th Day the Sabbath of the LORD thy God, according to the Commandment actually commenced, which was about 3 hours.

Let us now, come back to the main text at issue:

And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the [mother] of James, and Salome, had bought sweet spices, that they might come and anoint him. Mark 16:1​

Much is made of the “had bought”, and the timing thereof in this text, only because it is isolated from the other texts of the four Gospels.

This text (Mark 16:1) does not indicate that a seasonal feast sabbath had come, and then a normal day existed inbetween for them to make purchase, which was then followed by the 7th Day Sabbath, as many incorrectly subscribe to, for it has been shown Prophetically and Typologically (Jonah, Manna, and more still to come in the Levitical Calender, etc) that that would be impossible (and will be yet further still, in total). Let us then look at the words:

"had bought" [already having had purchased, sometime in the past] -

Tense: Aorist
Voice: Active
Mood: Indicative
Person: third
Number: Plural

“The Aorist tense conveys the truth that ... (indicative mood is mood of reality) has occurred at a point in the past without specifying when this event occurred. … One writer adds "strictly speaking, the aorist denotes past time only in the indicative ... (Learning the Basics of New Testament Greek. AMG Publishers)" - Greek Quick Reference Guide

This is s a past tense action, and the Greek aorist [tense] indicative [mood] reveals that it was an event [the purchasing] already past and done, some time before these events, without the text determining the exact moment of purchase in the past, but we can know by the other texts, and the women's own faithfulness that it had to be sometime before the Sabbath mentioned in this text and others. When we combine all of those previous points [1-10], we can know that the women had plenty of time to make the purchase of those spices several hours before Sabbath had come, while the men [Joseph and Nicodemus] were doing the things recorded, even purchasing “linen”, etc. We can know that the women already had the spices before Jesus was laid in the tomb, and thus we can conclusively determine that they “had bought” those spices sometime before then.​

I will also recommend upon this issue, a webpage with several helpful charts -

A helpful breakdown, Was Jesus crucified on Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday? - http://biblelight.net/pasover.htm

Helpful Chart - http://biblelight.net/Passover chart.htm

The Scriptures do not specifically declare anywhere exactly when those spices were purchased [unless anyone would like to suggest a text where we might consider further, wherein it gives those specifics?] as it only mentions that they were purchased, some time in the past, before the day of the resurrection and also before the day before, being the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God (according to the Commandment), for we find them preparing those spices upon the same day Jesus was crucified (Luke 23:56), and the coming with them “prepared” on Resurrection morning (Luke 24:1).

We could come to various conclusions to an exact time, but they would be speculation, even if good speculation, since the scriptures simply do not declare this specific information to us (that I am personally aware of, might be in typology somewhere, let me know if any one finds it), though it does give a general timeframe to work with, being somewhere between 3 PM and Sundown/Evening of the Nisan 14th the day of “the preparation”, being the 6th day of the week, the preparation, the day before the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God, according to the Commandment.

It is known that a lot of people place a lot of emphasis on this passage and this item of spices, to uphold their various crucifixion/resurrection time-tables, but these same are missing the greater elements, namely Jesus. Yes, truth matters, and as far as the study of the Scriptures and the Spirit of Prophecy go, we have all the truth that we may obtain about these 'spices' and approximately when they were purchased and it does not support any other time-table, than that of the 6th Day, followed by the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God, and followed by the first day.

This will be shown more thoroughly yet from OT and NT.

 

[One Baptism]

Let us now consider some other terms that Jesus also used, that are similar to “three days and three nights”, and see what may be gleaned there.

[A.] In only one instance (stated twice), Matthew 12:40 He said, “three days and three nights”,

For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. - Matthew 12:40​

This timeframe includes, as shown, was from the dark part of the 6th day of the week [aka 'Thursday night'] in the Garden of Gethsemane when Jesus was betrayed by Judas and taken into custody by the mob, on into and through the light part of the 6th Day of the week "preparation day" [aka 'Friday'], into the whole [dark and light parts, aka 'Saturday'] of the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God, and finally unto dark part [aka 'Saturday night'] and the unto sunrising of the 'first [day] of the week' [aka 'Sunday' morning] and events also afterward.

The "aka" is 'also known as', but are not technically those days as they are technically understood, but are merely useful to help us in the present era, since Scriptural (also Jewish) time begins at sundown as demonstrated, and ends with sunrise, and Roman time is counted from midnight to midnight. Therefore, any given Scriptural 'day' [1,2,3,4,5,6 (preparation), the Holy 7 day (the Sabbath of the LORD thy God) does not technically align directly with Roman [named] days.

[B.] but on Two occasions, Matthew 27:63; Mark 8:31 He/Scripture said, “after three days.”

Saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I will rise again. - Matthew 27:63

And he began to teach them, that the Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders, and [of] the chief priests, and scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. - Mark 8:31​

[C.] and He/Scripture referred to the same event 5 times in Matthew 26:61, 27:40; Mark 15:29; John 2:19-20 as “in three days”,

And said, This [fellow] said, I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days. - Matthew 26:61

And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest [it] in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross. - Matthew 27:40

And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest [it] in three days, - Mark 15:29

Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up. - John 2:19

Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? - John 2:20​

[D.] and on Twelve occasions it is said, “the third day.” Matthew 16:21, 17:23, 20:19; Mark 9:31, 10:34; Luke 9:22, 13:32*, 18:33, 24:7,46; Acts 10:40; 1 Corinthians 15:4.

From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised again the third day. - Matthew 16:21

And they shall kill him, and the third day he shall be raised again. And they were exceeding sorry. - Matthew 17:23

And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify [him]: and the third day he shall rise again. - Matthew 20:19

Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first. - Matthew 27:64

For he taught his disciples, and said unto them, The Son of man is delivered into the hands of men, and they shall kill him; and after that he is killed, he shall rise the third day. - Mark 9:31

And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again. - Mark 10:34

Saying, The Son of man must suffer many things, and be rejected of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be slain, and be raised the third day. - Luke 9:22

And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third [day] I shall be perfected. - Luke 13:32*

Luke 13:32,33, is a special case text(s), which refers to the closing days of Jesus' ministry, basically ending in the Garden of Gethsemane. This text is given in the third day of the week [aka 'Tuesday', compare to Matthew 23:37-39], in which Jesus is facing the Pharisees for the last time, before He tells them that their house [Temple] was left to them desolate and leaves for Mt. Olivet on the east. The word "perfected" also means completed, finished, done in His 3 1/2 year ministrations [AD 27 - AD 31].​

And they shall scourge [him], and put him to death: and the third day he shall rise again. - Luke 18:33

Saying, The Son of man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, and be crucified, and the third day rise again. - Luke 24:7

But we trusted that it had been he which should have redeemed Israel: and beside all this, to day is the third day since these things were done. - Luke 24:21

And said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day: - Luke 24:46

Him God raised up the third day, and shewed him openly; - Acts 10:40

And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures: - 1 Corinthians 15:4​

Please notice, that the texts over and over again, all include the betrayal, being handed over, the trials, the scourging, the crucifixion, the death, burial and resurrection. Now consider Jonah/s again. Do we not see, from Scripture, that the "three days and three nights" can not, and do not begin in Jesus' burial, but much time before then from the Garden of Gethsemane (in which the betrayal, etc began).

Moreso, if these expressions are all to be taken in the strictest sense of literally, then the Bible, nay moreso, Jesus, is in complete contradiction, for it is clear that they would then have differing total times, for one says “in”, another “after”, still another “the” and one specific “three days and three nights”.

However, when we search the Scriptures faithfully and prayerfully, we will find that the Bible uses inclusive reckoning over and over again [Genesis 7:4,10, 17:12, 42:17-19; 2 Chronicles 10:5,12; Esther 4:16, 5:1; Luke 1:59, 2:21; Acts 10:3-30, etc], and so therefore which saying is correct?

All of them, for they are all (*Luke 13:32, exception) verily saying the same thing about the same events, albeit, in differing phraseology. Even comparing the Scriptures to one another, some overlap one another, see Matthew 16:21 and Mark 8:31 for instance.

Jesus was not and cannot be in the strictest literal sense, without destruction to His own words, literally Three Days and Three Nights [as some incorrectly see as a full '72 hours'] in the Grave, as Scripture, Structure, Language and Typology has shown already and will show again and further still.

Let us now see the Scriptures on the Time clock of God (for Jesus knew therein His exact Year, Month, Day and Hour of His Sacrifice...)... and begin to put more of this together that we may see the larger picture that the Scripture is giving to us of these things.

 

[One Baptism]

Type is given by God to show the Reality of that which was to come - Jesus.

The entirety of the earthly Sanctuary is merely the “pattern” [Exodus 25:9,40; Numbers 8:4, etc] of the “Heavenly” [see book of Hebrews].

“Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he had appointed, speaking unto Moses, that he should make it according to the fashion that he had seen.” Acts 7:44​

Tupos = type, pattern. Strong's G5179 - https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/Lexicon/Lexicon.cfm?strongs=G5179&t=KJV

See also Romans 5:14, Adam was the “figure” of Him who was to come.

See also 1 Corinthians 10:6,11, “ensample” is the tupos, of that which we are to learn from, the “pattern”.

Christ Jesus is indeed our Passover, of which the Lamb was merely the Type, yes?

“... even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us ...” 1 Corinthians 5:7​

John the Baptist understood the type/reality, that Jesus was the Anti-typical [fulfillment/reality, that which is the substance, casting the shadow, not the shadow itself],

"...Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God..." John 1:29

"And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God!" John 1:36​

Since the scripture is clear that Jesus is the “Lamb of God”, and that Christ Jesus is our “Passover”, even sacrificed for us, it is clear that the Passover must of necessity be sacrificed upon the 14th day after the New Moon of Aviv/Nisan (there was a special exception time for the second month, for those that could not partake in the first month; see 2 Chronicles 30:2,15):

“And thus shall ye eat it; [with] your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it [is] the LORD'S passover.” Exodus 12:11

“Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.” Exodus 12:21

“That ye shall say, It [is] the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.” Exodus 12:27

“In the fourteenth [day] of the first month at even [is] the LORD'S passover.” Leviticus 23:5​

These should be enough to establish that Jesus, “our passover” was to be killed upon the 14th of Aviv/Nisan, though there is of course many more substantiating texts [Numbers 9:5, 28:16, etc], see also Joshua 5:10, where they obeyed this ordinance:

“And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the passover on the fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of Jericho.” Joshua 5:10​

If Jesus is not the fulfillment of the tupos/type, he being the Anti-type/reality/substance, what then is the point of John pointing to Him and saying that He is the “Lamb of God”, or to Paul saying “Christ our Passover”? There of course would be no point in them doing so, if the original type did not actually exist to point to the anti-type in specificity.

What day then immediately followed the 14th of the Passover? It was the first Day of the feast of Unleavened Bread, which took place always upon the 15th day following the New Moon of the month Aviv/Nisan:

And on the fifteenth day of the same month [is] the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread. Leviticus 23:6​

This was the tupos or type. Unleavened is to be without sin, since this leaven was pointing to sin. Christ Jesus died without His own sin and was so buried, for unleavened bread was also eaten on the Passover day previous.

This first day of the feast of Unleavened Bread was a seasonal feast sabbath, where “no servile work” could be done:

“In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.” Leviticus 23:7​

This is seen in Joshua 5:11, even as the obeyed the ordinances:

“And they did eat of the old corn of the land on the morrow after the passover, unleavened cakes, and parched [corn] in the selfsame day.” Joshua 5:11​

The day which immediately followed this first day of unleavened bread, was the wavesheaf/firstfruits offering on the Nisan/Aviv 16th:

“Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:” Leviticus 23:10

“And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.” Leviticus 23:11

“And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.” Leviticus 23:12​

We see what God was doing even as we go back to Joshua 5, even the day which followed immediately after the first day of the feast of Unleavened bread:

And the manna ceased on the morrow after they had eaten of the old corn of the land; neither had the children of Israel manna any more; but they did eat of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year. Joshua 5:12​

Thus from scripture we have so far:

[1] 14th Aviv/Nisan = Passover

[2] 15th Aviv/Nisan = First day of the feast of unleavened bread, seasonal feast sababth, no servile work

[3] 16th Aviv/Nisan = Firstfruits/Wavesheaf offering​

Three consecutive days.

The First fruits is the type/tupos of the Resurrection, being a first part of the great harvest which belongs unto the Lord.

If Christ Jesus was dead for the whole day of the Firstfruits, no matter the chronology, then He is not the fulfillment of the Firstfruits, and we are now stuck with broken scripture, for scripture says of Christ Jesus:

But now is Christ risen from the dead, [and] become the firstfruits of them that slept. 1 Corinthians 15:20

But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ's at his coming. 1 Corinthians 15:23​

Christ Jesus could not become the “Firstfruits” until Resurrected. Let all consider this point most carefully.

Therefore:

[1] 14th Aviv/Nisan - Passover, Christ Jesus dies

[2] 15th Aviv/Nisan - First day unleavened bread, seasonal sabbath, Christ Jesus without sin buried [also as seen; the Seventh Day Sabbath conincided, combining Creation/Redemption together forever]

[3] 16th Aviv/Nisan - Firstfruits/wavesheaf, Christ Jesus resurrected.​

Three consecutive days. It can only be this way. This is not only given in this way, but also in the Manna of Exodus 16, in the events of Jonah, and according to further material yet to be seen.

Jesus also fulfilled the events of Aviv/Nisan 10th [beginning ministry] and also of the Pentecost [Acts 1-3].

Once we consider all of this, and compare with the events of the Gospels and elsewhere, “the third day since these things were done” by the two on the road to Emaus, etc, and by the written words of Luke in Luke 23:56, that the women, did not merely go back and keep the Sabbath according to the statute, the ordinance, or 'seasonal feast', or merely doing “no servile work”, but instead went back and kept “the sabbath according to the commandment”, which is a reference to Exodus 20:8-11, which says to do “no work”, and trumps the seasonal feast sabbath requirements.

When we also consider the words “High day” in regards to this particular “sabbath”, for both sabbaths [plural] met that day in that year [the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God, and the later given seasonal feast sabbath], we get a greater understanding of the events taking place as foretold.

 

[One Baptism]

Let us see another example by looking at the Scriptural Time Clock Jesus was going by according to the seasonal feasts which He, Himself, gave [Leviticus 23] -- specifically the seasonal Spring Feasts, as well as the Manna from Heaven in Exodus 16:

THE CHOOSING OF THE SPOTLESS LAMB [Exodus 12:3] 1st Month (Pre-Babylonian-Abib/Aviv, Post Babylonian-Nisan) 10th Day after the New Moon. Choose the spotless Lamb as designated by God, a Lamb for every man, for every house [to be held for 3 1/2 days]. Jesus begins ministry [John 1:29,36] at age 30 [Luke 3:23], according to type [Numbers 4:3,23,30,35,39,40,43,47], and preaches 3 ½ years according to Scripture and Prophecy of Daniel [Daniel 9:27].

PASSOVER FEAST [Leviticus 23:5] 1st Month [Pre-Babylonian-Abib/Aviv, Post Babylonian-Nisan] 14th Day after the New Moon at Even. Spotless Lamb slain [after being held 3 1/2 days], roasted by fire, eaten with bitter herbs, in a state of readiness to depart, with no bone of the Lamb being broken, its shed blood applied to the doorposts and lintel [Exodus 12:7-8]. [Jesus dies AD 31; Nisan 14th, the sixth day of the week. The year shall be demonstrated later.]

UNLEAVENED BREAD FEAST [Leviticus 23:6-8] 1st Month [Pre-Babylonian-Abib/Aviv, Post Babylonian-Nisan] 15th Day after the New Moon - until the 21st Day of the same Month [7 days]. On the 1st Day [15th] of the feast, a holy convocation and no servile work [seasonal feast sabbath; Jesus in the Tomb; Nisan 15th], unleavened is eaten for 7 days [all leaven removed from the 1st Day]. A holy convocation and no servile work on the 7th Day, being the 21st Day of the same Month [seasonal feast sabbath].

FIRSTFRUITS OF HARVEST, WAVE SHEAF [Leviticus 23:10-14] 1st Month [Pre-Babylonian-Abib/Aviv, Post Babylonian-Nisan] 16th Day after the New Moon [Jesus resurrected; Nisan 16th, the first [day] of the week]. A Wave Sheaf of the Firstfruits of the Harvest on the morrow after the Sabbath. This day not being a Sabbath. A spotless he-lamb burnt offering the same day as the wave sheaf. "Meat" [bread] offering - two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD [for] a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof [shall be] of wine, the fourth [part] of an hin. Begin to count 7, 7th Day Sabbaths, plus one more Day unto Pentecost [7x7=49+1=50].

The Scriptural calendar:

[First Month of the Year, Abib/Aviv] [Exodus 12:2; Deuteronomy 16:1] and later became changed to Nisan [after Babylonian Captivity, Esther 3:7; Ezra 6:19]

NEW MOON 1 MONTH DAY 1 - [A Solemn Feast Day according to Psalms 81:3; Numbers 10:10 [CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11]],

1 MONTH DAY 2, [CYCLE DAY 1]
1 MONTH DAY 3, [CYCLE DAY 2]
1 MONTH DAY 4, [CYCLE DAY 3]
1 MONTH DAY 5, [CYCLE DAY 4]
1 MONTH DAY 6, [CYCLE DAY 5]
1 MONTH DAY 7, [CYCLE DAY 6]

1 MONTH DAY 8, [CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11]

1 MONTH DAY 9, [CYCLE DAY 1]

1 MONTH DAY 10, [typological Getting Lamb for Passover; Exodus 12:3 [CYCLE DAY 2] Reality Christ is the LAMB of GOD; John 1:29,36; Jesus begins ministry for 3 ½ years; Daniel 9:27; [and ended on the time so specified] Luke 13:32-33, etc]

1 MONTH DAY 11, [CYCLE DAY 3]
1 MONTH DAY 12, [CYCLE DAY 4]
1 MONTH DAY 13, [CYCLE DAY 5]

1 MONTH DAY 14, [typological Passover at Even; Leviticus 23:5; Reality of Christ's DEATH - CYCLE DAY 6, 'aka Friday', known as the Preparation day [Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54; John 19:31], the True Temple was Destroyed [First day of the Three Prophesied by Jesus; John 2:19, etc] also see the typology of the Manna in Exodus 16:5,22; and see 1 Corinthians 5:7]

1 MONTH DAY 15, [typological First Day of Unleavened Bread, feast sabbath; Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 23:6-7; Reality of Christ's BURIAL - CYCLE DAY 7, 'aka Saturday' [Luke 23:56; 7th Day SABBATH OF THE LORD GOD in the 4th COMMANDMENT], the two [seasonal feast sabbath and 7th DAY SABBATH] combined that year of Jesus and was called an "HIGH DAY" John 19:31, Jesus remained in the tomb [being the Second Day of the Three Prophesied by JESUS; John 2:19, etc]; also see the typology of the Manna in Exodus 16:23]

1 MONTH DAY 16, [typological Wave Sheaf, First Fruits Offering, Not a SABBATH; Leviticus 23:10-11; Joshua 5:10-12; Reality of Christ's RESURRECTION - CYCLE DAY 1, 'aka Sunday' Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:1-2,9; Luke 24:1; John 20:1,19; Jesus free of the Tomb [being the THIRD DAY since these things were done; Luke 24:21; John 2:19, etc], also see the typology of the Manna in Exodus 16:24-25, compare to Acts 13:37; 1 Corinthians 15:20,23...begin counting 7 Sabbaths to PENTECOST Leviticus 23:15]; 1st Day]

1 MONTH DAY 17, [CYCLE DAY 2; 2nd Day]
1 MONTH DAY 18, [CYCLE DAY 3; 3rd Day]
1 MONTH DAY 19, [CYCLE DAY 4; 4th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 20, [CYCLE DAY 5; 5th Day]

1 MONTH DAY 21, [End of Feast of Unleavened Bread, feast sabbath; Leviticus 23:8; [CYCLE DAY 6]; 6th Day]

1 MONTH DAY 22 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11]; PENTECOST SABBATH 1; 7th Day]… etc.

1 MONTH DAY 23, [CYCLE DAY 1; 8th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 24, [CYCLE DAY 2; 9th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 25, [CYCLE DAY 3; 10th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 26, [CYCLE DAY 4; 11th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 27, [CYCLE DAY 5; 12th Day]
1 MONTH DAY 28, [CYCLE DAY 6; 13th Day]

1 MONTH DAY 29, [CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 2]; 14th Day]

1 MONTH DAY 30, [CYCLE DAY 1; 15th Day] [assuming an average 30 day month]

NEW MOON 2 MONTH [known as Zif [1 Kings 6:1]] DAY 1 [A Solemn Feast Day according to Psalms 81:3; Numbers 10:10 [CYCLE DAY 2]; 16th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 2 [CYCLE DAY 3; 17th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 3 [CYCLE DAY 4; 18th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 4 [CYCLE DAY 5; 19th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 5 [CYCLE DAY 6; 20th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 6 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 3]; 21st Day]

2 MONTH DAY 7 [CYCLE DAY 1; 22nd Day]
2 MONTH DAY 8 [CYCLE DAY 2; 23rd Day]
2 MONTH DAY 9 [CYCLE DAY 3; 24th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 10 [CYCLE DAY 4; 25th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 11 [CYCLE DAY 5; 26th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 12 [CYCLE DAY 6; 27th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 13 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 4]; 28th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 14 [CYCLE DAY 1; 29th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 15 [CYCLE DAY 2; 30th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 16 [CYCLE DAY 3; 31st Day]
2 MONTH DAY 17 [CYCLE DAY 4; 32nd Day]
2 MONTH DAY 18 [CYCLE DAY 5; 33rd Day]
2 MONTH DAY 19 [CYCLE DAY 6; 34th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 20 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 5]; 35th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 21 [CYCLE DAY 1; 36th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 22 [CYCLE DAY 2; 37th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 23 [CYCLE DAY 3; 38th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 24 [CYCLE DAY 4; 39th Day]

2 MONTH DAY 25 [CYCLE DAY 5; 40th Day] [Jesus ascends here at some point, being with them 40 days; Psalms 24; Acts 1:3, 10 days left until Pentecost, Disciples return to Jerusalem, 2nd Ascension as Type Aaron]

2 MONTH DAY 26 [CYCLE DAY 6; 41st Day]

2 MONTH DAY 27 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 6]; 42nd Day]

2 MONTH DAY 28 [CYCLE DAY 1; 43rd Day]
2 MONTH DAY 29 [CYCLE DAY 2; 44th Day]
2 MONTH DAY 30 [CYCLE DAY 3; 45th Day] [assuming an average 30 day month]

NEW MOON 3 MONTH [known as Sivan [Esther 8:9] DAY 1 (A Solemn Feast Day according to Psalms 81:3; Numbers 10:10 [CYCLE DAY 4; 46th Day]]

3 MONTH DAY 2 [CYCLE DAY 5; 47th Day]
3 MONTH DAY 3 [CYCLE DAY 6; 48th Day]

3 MONTH DAY 4 [[CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11; PENTECOST SABBATH 7]; 49th Day]

3 MONTH DAY 5 [CYCLE DAY 1; PENTECOST [7 Sabbaths [49 days] + 1 Day; Leviticus 23:15-16; Acts 2:1] 50th Day; Christ Jesus becomes anointed in Heaven as Great High Priest, after having ascended Psalms 24 and the Disciples, by God, Prophecy, the 12th is chosen (Matthias)... typology reveals this and we see fulfillment in Acts 1-2; Psalms 133:1-3; Revelation 5:6, etc]

3 MONTH DAY 6 [CYCLE DAY 2]
3 MONTH DAY 7 [CYCLE DAY 3]
3 MONTH DAY 8 [CYCLE DAY 4]
3 MONTH DAY 9 [CYCLE DAY 5]
3 MONTH DAY 10 [CYCLE DAY 6]

3 MONTH DAY 11 [CYCLE DAY 7; 7th DAY SABBATH Genesis 2:2-3, Exodus 20:8-11]

… and so on and so forth ...

 

[One Baptism]

Jesus Christ was indeed crucified in the Year AD 31 (3 1/2 years from beginning in AD 27, at his Baptism), in the 1st Month Nisan/Aviv, in the 14th Day, being the 6th day of the week, the preparation, even during the Passover Feast, and died approx. at the hour of 3 PM at the time evening sacrifice, a few short hours before sunset, was buried and rested the 7th Day the Sabbath [15th] of the LORD thy God in the Commandment, being during both the Creation Sabbath of Genesis 2:1-3; Exodus 20:8-11, and a Feastal sabbath (Leviticus 23) that year combined, and He resurrected very early the First day of the week [16th], as typology showed in the Manna, in the events of Jonah, and in the feasts.

Year: 31 AD [see late 457 BC, + 486 1/2 of the 490/2,300, [+1, no year 0, overlap]

Month: 1st, Nisan/Aviv

Day: 14th, Passover Feast, being the 6th Day [of the week], the preparation

Hour: About the Ninth Hour, or 3PM, time of the evening Sacrifice​

There is of course another mention of another time, in relation, being given in Revelation 9:15, which speaks of the exact moment of "an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year" and this deals with another event in the ongoing ministration of Jesus Christ as prophesied in the time prophecies.

Jesus was continually speaking about the time-table He was working under, according to type and anti-type, time prophecies, etc:

From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. - Matthew 4:17

From that time forth began Jesus to shew unto his disciples, how that he must go unto Jerusalem, and suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised again the third day. - Matthew 16:21

And he said, Go into the city to such a man, and say unto him, The Master saith, My time is at hand; I will keep the passover at thy house with my disciples. - Matthew 26:18

Then cometh he to his disciples, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, and take [your] rest: behold, the hour is at hand, and the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. - Matthew 26:45

And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel. - Mark 1:15

And he cometh the third time, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, and take [your] rest: it is enough, the hour is come; behold, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners. - Mark 14:41

And it came to pass, when the time was come that he should be received up, he stedfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem, - Luke 9:51

[Ye] hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time? - Luke 12:56

The law and the prophets [were] until John: since that time the kingdom of God is preached, and every man presseth into it. - Luke 16:16

And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation. - Luke 19:44

And he said, Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am [Christ]; and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them. - Luke 21:8

Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet come. - John 2:4

But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him. - John 4:23

Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live. - John 5:25

Then Jesus said unto them, My time is not yet come: but your time is alway ready. - John 7:6

Go ye up unto this feast: I go not up yet unto this feast; for my time is not yet full come. - John 7:8

Then they sought to take him: but no man laid hands on him, because his hour was not yet come. - John 7:30

And some of them would have taken him; but no man laid hands on him. - John 7:44

These words spake Jesus in the treasury, as he taught in the temple: and no man laid hands on him; for his hour was not yet come. - John 8:20

They shall put you out of the synagogues: yea, the time cometh, that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service. - John 16:2

But these things have I told you, that when the time shall come, ye may remember that I told you of them. And these things I said not unto you at the beginning, because I was with you. - John 16:4

These things have I spoken unto you in proverbs: but the time cometh, when I shall no more speak unto you in proverbs, but I shall shew you plainly of the Father. - John 16:25

Behold, the hour cometh, yea, is now come, that ye shall be scattered, every man to his own, and shall leave me alone: and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with me. - John 16:32​

From the Scriptures of Daniel 8 and 9; and Ezra we are given the exact year, and in the Feasts of Leviticus 23 we are given the exact Month and Day and Hour. In the Manna we are given the specific days of the week to connect with the Feasts, and in Jonah an entire type. Then in the New Testament Gospels itself, we have the timeline spelled out for us, to which we shall look at in a moment.

 

[One Baptism]

Daniel 9:

Yea, whiles I [was] speaking in prayer, even the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening oblation. - Daniel 9:21

And he informed [me], and talked with me, and said, O Daniel, I am now come forth to give thee skill and understanding. - Daniel 9:22

At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, and I am come to shew [thee]; for thou [art] greatly beloved: therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision. - Daniel 9:23

Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy. - Daniel 9:24

Know therefore and understand, [that] from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince [shall be] seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times. - Daniel 9:25

And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof [shall be] with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined. - Daniel 9:26

And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make [it] desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate. - Daniel 9:27​

In the History is Repeating Thread, Jesus is seen to have begun His 3 1/2 years (the first half of the last week (the 70th week) of Daniel 9 (being the first portion of Daniel 8's longer time prophecy/vision)) from the Jordan Baptism:

Christ Jesus:

John 5:39 - Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are they which testify of me.

Psalms 40:7 - Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of the book it is written of me,

Hebrews 10:7 - Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.

Luke 24:27 - And beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded unto them in all the scriptures the things concerning himself.

John 1:45 - Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph.

Acts 28:23 - And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging; to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning till evening.

Acts 3:18 - But those things, which God before had shewed by the mouth of all his prophets, that Christ should suffer, he hath so fulfilled.

...

[1] Righteous Man, a man that executheth My [God's] Counsel, a servant
[2] [He is] my shepherd
[3] From the East, Deliverer
[4] God was to subdue the Nations before Him/them
[5] God, "I" will go before thee, and make the crooked places straight
[6] That saith to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid
[7] That saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers
[8] Anointed
[9] Cyrus name means "Glory of a blazing furnace/sun"
[0] Great treasures/wealth would be given unto him

...

2 Peter 1:19 - We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts:

... Peter:

2 Peter 1:12 - Wherefore I will not be negligent to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know [them], and be established in the present truth.

... Jesus, said ...:

Mark 1:14 - Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God,

Mark 1:15 - And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.

Therein, Jesus was referring to the 69 (of the 70) Weeks (483 of 490 years, see also Matthew 18:22) of Daniel 9 (9:24-27), for Jesus was anointed by the Holy Spirit in the Jordan:

Psalm 45:7 - Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.

Isaiah 61:1 - The Spirit of the Lord GOD [is] upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to [them that are] bound;

Luke 4:18 - The Spirit of the Lord [is] upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

Acts 4:27 - For of a truth against thy holy child Jesus, whom thou hast anointed, both Herod, and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles, and the people of Israel, were gathered together,

Acts 10:38 - How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.

Hebrews 1:9 - Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, [even] thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.

... Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan, in AD 27 (*):

Matthew 3:16 - And Jesus, when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water: and, lo, the heavens were opened unto him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove, and lighting upon him:

Mark 1:10 - And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him:

Luke 3:22 - And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.

John 1:32 - And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him.

... Jesus knew ...:

Luke 4:16 - And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.

Luke 4:17 - And there was delivered unto him the book of the prophet Esaias. And when he had opened the book, he found the place where it was written,

Luke 4:18 - The Spirit of the Lord [is] upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,

Luke 4:19 - To preach the acceptable year of the Lord.

Luke 4:20 - And he closed the book, and he gave [it] again to the minister, and sat down. And the eyes of all them that were in the synagogue were fastened on him.

Luke 4:21 - And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.

Luke 4:22 - And all bare him witness, and wondered at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth. And they said, Is not this Joseph's son?

Luke 4:23 - And he said unto them, Ye will surely say unto me this proverb, Physician, heal thyself: whatsoever we have heard done in Capernaum, do also here in thy country.

Luke 4:24 - And he said, Verily I say unto you, No prophet is accepted in his own country.

Luke 4:25 - But I tell you of a truth, many widows were in Israel in the days of Elias, when the heaven was shut up three years and six months, when great famine was throughout all the land;

...

Take notice of that 3 1/2 year timeframe ... for Christ Jesus knew the exact Year, Month, Day and Hour of His death.

Yet after Christ Jesus, history was to repeat itself among the Apostles for the next 3 1/2 years (from AD 31 unto AD 34 (*)). Just as Jesus was anointed with the Holy Spirit and went through a great deal unto his rejection by the Sanhedrin and killed, so too the Apostles and Disciples, once they were anointed at Pentecost, to go through such a deal, even for 3 1/2 more years, unto the final rejection of Stephen by the Sanhedrin and his death in AD 34 (*) (thus ending the 70 weeks of Daniel 9, but merely the first portion of the much greater time prophecy in Daniel 8).

Hebrews 2:3 - How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation; which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard [him];

...

 

[One Baptism]

Let's take a look at the background to all of this.

Now, let us consider that in the very week leading up to the Passover itself, from the very day that Jesus left Bethany [where He had rested the 7th Day Sabbath of the Lord thy God, six days before the Passover; John 12:1] and coming into and entering Jerusalem, in the Triumphal Entry [Matthew 21:1], being the First Day of the Week towards the setting of the sun [Mark 11:11], Jesus was in the Temple on several days [Day 1, 2, 3] in a row:

[Jesus is coming from Bethany, where He had rested on the 7th Day Sabbath at Lazarus' house, now to Jerusalem on the First day of the week, and thus picks up where Matthew and Mark come in.]

And the Jews' passover was nigh at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves. John 11:55​

[For the Passover, see Exodus 12:1-14; Leviticus 23:4-9; etc]

Then sought they for Jesus, and spake among themselves, as they stood in the temple, What think ye, that he will not come to the feast? John 11:56

Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment, that, if any man knew where he were, he should shew it, that they might take him. John 11:57

Then Jesus six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was which had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. John 12:1

On the next day much people that were come to the feast, when they heard that Jesus was coming to Jerusalem, John 12:12

Took branches of palm trees, and went forth to meet him, and cried, Hosanna: Blessed is the King of Israel that cometh in the name of the Lord. John 12:13​

[First Day of the Week, the Triumphal Entry at the near the setting of the Sun]

[Note for times, keep an eye on when Jesus is entering and leaving the city, and speaking in the Temple, for one must have all 4 Gospels open and consulted together to see this.]

And when he was come into Jerusalem, all the city was moved, saying, Who is this? Matthew 21:10

And Jesus entered into Jerusalem, and into the temple: and when he had looked round about upon all things, and now the eventide was come, he went out unto Bethany with the twelve. Mark 11:11​

[Second Day of the Week, casting out the Moneychangers; 2nd Cleansing of the Temple at the end of His Ministry]

And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, Matthew 21:12

And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. Matthew 21:13

And he left them, and went out of the city into Bethany; and he lodged there. Matthew 21:17

And on the morrow, when they were come from Bethany, he was hungry: Mark 11:12

And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves; Mark 11:15

And would not suffer that any man should carry any vessel through the temple. Mark 11:16

And he taught, saying unto them, Is it not written, My house shall be called of all nations the house of prayer? but ye have made it a den of thieves. Mark 11:17

And when even was come, he went out of the city. Mark 11:19​

[Third Day of the Week, the Last Confrontation between Jesus and the Priests, being before two days before the Passover Matthew 26:2; Mark 14:1]

Now in the morning as he returned into the city, he hungered. Matthew 21:18

And when he was come into the temple, the chief priests and the elders of the people came unto him as he was teaching, and said, By what authority doest thou these things? and who gave thee this authority? Matthew 21:23

And in the morning, as they passed by, they saw the fig tree dried up from the roots. Mark 11:20

And they come again to Jerusalem: and as he was walking in the temple, there come to him the chief priests, and the scribes, and the elders, Mark 11:27​

We may therefore conclude from the Scripture itself that when Jesus was on His last day [Third Day of the Week] of teaching in the Temple, it was just before two days before the Passover [Matthew 26:1-2; Mark 14:1; Luke 21:37-38, 22:1], and He having taught already two consecutive days in the Temple, prior [on the First [Triumphal Entry] and Second Days of the Week [Casting out the Moneychangers]]:

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! Matthew 23:37

Behold, your house is left unto you desolate. Matthew 23:38

For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. Matthew 23:39

And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to day and to morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. Luke 13:32

Nevertheless I must walk to day, and to morrow, and the day following: for it cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem. Luke 13:33

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them that are sent unto thee; how often would I have gathered thy children together, as a hen doth gather her brood under her wings, and ye would not! Luke 13:34

Behold, your house is left unto you desolate: and verily I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until the time come when ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord. Luke 13:35​

Thus from 'Tuesday' [Third Day of the Week] was the “to day” and 'Wednesday' [Fourth Day of the Week] was the “to morrow” and 'Thursday' [Fifth Day of the Week] was the “third [day]” when Jesus would finally be finished [“perfected” [Strong's Concordance; G5048; τελειόω] which is completed, finished] working the miracles [“cast out devils” and “do cures”] and thus enter into His final experiences as mortal man, Thursday night, unto Friday [Sixth Day of the Week] be buried Sabbath [Seventh Day of the Week] and resurrect Sunday [First Day of the Week].

The Last Miracle Jesus did before His death, was the healing of the High Priest's servants ear, the very night He was betrayed:

And Jesus answered and said, Suffer ye thus far. And he touched his ear, and healed him. Luke 22:51​

This is where Jesus stated that He had recently been with them, teaching "daily" in the Temple:

In that same hour said Jesus to the multitudes, Are ye come out as against a thief with swords and staves for to take me? I sat daily with you teaching in the temple, and ye laid no hold on me. Matthew 26:55

I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and ye took me not: but the scriptures must be fulfilled. Mark 14:49

And he taught daily in the temple. But the chief priests and the scribes and the chief of the people sought to destroy him, Luke 19:47

When I was daily with you in the temple, ye stretched forth no hands against me: but this is your hour, and the power of darkness. Luke 22:53

Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the synagogue, and in the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing. John 18:20​

Even the Disciples carried this practice forward (of meeting in the Temple) after Pentecost, at least for a short while, until the Temple was destroyed as prophesied:

And they, continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart, Acts 2:46

And daily in the temple, and in every house, they ceased not to teach and preach Jesus Christ. Acts 5:42​

 

[One Baptism]

Some nitty gritty details... "preparation" and Sabbath eve, etc:

One extra source (additional helps, Scripture is the actual definer) gives:

“Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature: Volume 7 John McClintock, James Strong - 1894 “... he lay in the grave on the 15th (which was a 'high day' or double Sabbath, because the weekly Sabbath coincided ...””- Wikipedia, Crucifixion of Jesus - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus​

The word “preparation” is generally [*see below for secondary uses] in regards to the 6th Day, which just so happened that year AD 31, to be the Passover feast, Nisan 14, and the sixth day of the week, the preparation day before the 7th Day Sabbath.

Here is how another source, Josephus, understood the “preparation day”, in regards the day before the 7th Day Sabbath:

“Caesar Augustus, high priest and tribune of the people, ordains thus: Since the nation of the Jews hath been found grateful to the Roman people, not only at this time, but in time past also, and chiefly Hyrcanus the high priest, under my father Caesar the emperor, it seemed good to me and my counselors, according to the sentence and oath of the people of Rome, that the Jews have liberty to make use of their own customs, according to the law of their forefathers, as they made use of them under Hyrcanus the high priest of the Almighty God; and that their sacred money be not touched, but be sent to Jerusalem, and that it be committed to the care of the receivers at Jerusalem; and that they be not obliged to go before any judge on the sabbath day, nor on the day of the preparation to it, after the ninth hour.” — Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Chapter VI, 2. - http://books.google.com/books?id=TV...aration to it, after the ninth hour."&f=false​

THE HIGH DAY, THE COMBINED SABBATHS, THE 7th DAY SABBATH OF THE LORD THY GOD & THE SEASONAL FEAST SABBATH:

“High (From On, Most), Highly:

"great," is translated "high" in Jhn 19:31, of the Sabbath day at the Passover season; here the meaning is virtually equivalent to "holy,"” [Vine's Expository; G3173] - http://www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3173&t=KJV​

“Now the next day, that followed the day of the preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate,” Matthew 27:62

“And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,” Matthew 15:42

“And that day was the preparation, and the sabbath drew on.” Luke 23:54​

The context of Luke 23:54, is Luke 23:56:

“And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.” Luke 23:56

“And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!” John 19:14

“The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.” John 19:31

“There laid they Jesus therefore because of the Jews' preparation day; for the sepulchre was nigh at hand.” John 19:42​

The word for “preparation” is the Greek “παρασκευή” [“parasceve”], which means:

“a making ready, preparation, equipping; 1. that which is prepared, equipment; 2. in the NT in a Jewish sense, the day of preparation; A. the day on which the Jews made necessary preparation to celebrate a sabbath or a feast” [Strong's Concordance; G3903; παρασκευή; paraskeuē] - http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/Lexicon/Lexicon.cfm?strongs=G3904&t=KJV​

Another says:

“Preparation, Prepare, Prepared:

denotes "preparation, equipment." The day on which Christ died is called "the Preparation" in Mar 15:42; Jhn 19:31; in Jhn 19:42 "the Jews' Preparation," RV; in Jhn 19:14 it is described as "the Preparation of the Passover;" in Luk 23:54, RV, "the day of the Preparation (and the Sabbath drew on)." The same day is in view in Mat 27:62, where the events recorded took place on "the day after the Preparation" (RV). The reference would be to the 6th day of the week. The title arose from the need of preparing food etc. for the Sabbath. Apparently it was first applied only to the afternoon of the 6th day; later, to the whole day. In regard to the phraseology in Jhn 19:14, many hold this to indicate the "preparation" for the paschal feast. It probably means "the Preparation day," and thus falls in line with the Synoptic Gospels. In modern Greek and ecclesiastical Latin, Parasceve == Friday.” [Vine's Expository; G3904] - http://www.blbclassic.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G3904&t=KJV​

“παρασκευή” is used in Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54; John 19:14,31,42.

The New Testament utilizes the word for both meanings,

[1; primary use] for the preparation in the 6th Day, before the 7th Day Sabbath as in Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54-56; John 19:31,

[2; secondary use] also for the preparation of the passover itself, as in John 19:14,42.

[3; related use] A related word “παρασκευάζω” is found in Acts 10:10 [“made ready”]; 1 Corinthians 14:8 [“prepare”]; 2 Corinthians 9:2,3 [“ready” x2].​

Passover [Aviv/Nisan 14th] itself is never a feast sabbath, though it is a feast, yet the first Day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread [Aviv/Nisan 15th] there was to be a feast sabbath [Exodus 12:16].

 

[One Baptism]

In extant Greek materials (which are merely later sources of sometimes useful information, though I do not necessarily agree with their theological positions taken therein), like the Didache 8:1[-2, depending], we see the word “παρασκευή” again reference to the day before the 7th Day Sabbath, which would be the 6th day of the week, or what many commonly call “friday”.

In Transliterates Greek:

ai de nhsteiai umwn mh estwsan meta twn upokritwn. nhsteusousi gar deutera sabbatwn kai pempth, umeiv de nhsteusate tetrada kai paraskeuhn. Didache 8:1 Greek - http://web.archive.org/web/20121231...ni-bremen.de/~wie/texteapo/didache-greek.html​

Which reads in the English:

And let not your fastings be with the hypocrites, for they fast on the second and the fifth day of the week; Didache 8:1; But do you keep your fast on the fourth and on the preparation day. Didache 8:2 – [subnotation, “In the parable of the Publican and the Pharisee in Luke 18, the Pharisee reminds God "I fast twice a week." Both Jews and Christians fasted twice a week, but on different days. The day of (Jewish) preparation (for the Sabbath) was the sixth day; thus Christians of the early church fasted on Wednesdays and Friday, in contrast with the Jews. The "hypocrites" of verse 1 may be a rebuke to Christians who continued to observe Jewish customs.”] - http://www.orthodox.cn/patristics/apostolicfathers/didache_en.htm​

Another translation reads, again in the English:

Your fasts should not be with the hypocrites, for they fast on Mondays and Thursdays. You should fast on Wednesdays and Fridays. Didache 8:1 - http://www.paracletepress.com/didache.html

But let not your fasts be with the hypocrites, for they fast on the second and fifth day of the week. Rather, fast on the fourth day and the Preparation (Friday). Didache 8:1 - http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html​

Further, when we look at the word “parasceve”, we find it connected with “prosabbaton” in Mark 15:42:

“And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,” Mark 15:42​

This reads in the Greek:

και ηδη οψιας γενομενης επει ην παρασκευη ο εστιν προσαββατον​

“ην παρασκευη ο εστιν προσαββατον” literally means, “the preparation, that [or 'which'] is, Sabbath eve [or 'before Sabbath']”, the 7th Day of the Lord:

In the (so-called) LXX [Septuagint], “προσαββατου” occurs in Psalms 93:1 [92:1 KJV], Greek:

Εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ προσαββάτου, ὅτε κατῴ κισται ἡ γῆ· αἶνος ᾠδῆς τῷ Δαυιδ. Ὁ κύριος ἐβασίλευσεν, εὐπρέπειαν ἐνεδύσατο, ἐνεδύσατο κύριος δύναμιν καὶ περιεζώσατο· καὶ γὰρ ἐστερέωσεν τὴν οἰκουμένην, ἥτις οὐ σαλευθήσεται. Psalms 93:1 LXX [92:1 KJV]​

Translated into English:

[[A Psalm or Song for the sabbath day.]] It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High: Psalms 92:1 KJV

In apocryphal material, like Judith 8:6 and 2 Maccabees 8:26, the word “prosabbaton” or “pro tou sabbatou”, is again the day just “before the Sabbath” [or Sabbath eve], or what Scripture designates as the 6th day of the week, with the 7th Day the Sabbath of the Lord:

And she fasted all the days of her widowhood, save the eves of the sabbaths, and the sabbaths, and the eves of the new moons, and the new moons and the feasts and solemn days of the house of Israel. Judith 8:6 KJV w/apochrypha - http://www.unravelingtheword.info/TheApocrypha/Judith/judith08.htm

καὶ ἐνήστευε πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς χηρεύσεως αὐτῆς χωρὶς προσαββάτων καὶ σαββάτων καὶ προνουμηνιῶν καὶ νουμηνιῶν καὶ ἑορτῶν καὶ χαρμοσυνῶν οἴκου Ισραηλ. Judith 8:6 LXX [E-Sword]

For it was the day before the sabbath, and therefore they would no longer pursue them. 2 Maccabees 8:26 KJV w/apochrypha - http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/2-Maccabees-8-26/

ἦν γὰρ ἡ πρὸ τοῦ σαββάτου, δι᾿ ἣν αἰτίαν οὐκ ἐμακροτόνησαν κατατρέχοντες αὐτούς. 2 Maccabees 8:26 LXX [E-Sword]​

Josephus, a Jewish (defector) Historian says of the “παρασκευή”; in Greek:

“[162] ‘Καῖσαρ Σεβαστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς δημαρχικῆς ἐξουσίας λέγει. ἐπειδὴ τὸ ἔθνος τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων εὐχάριστον εὑρέθη οὐ μόνον ἐν τῷ ἐνεστῶτι καιρῷ ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ προγεγενημένῳ καὶ μάλιστα ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος πρὸς τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ῥωμαίων ὅ τε ἀρχιερεὺς αὐτῶν Ὑρκανός, [163] ἔδοξέ μοι καὶ τῷ ἐμῷ συμβουλίῳ μετὰ ὁρκωμοσίας γνώμῃ δήμου Ῥωμαίων τοὺς Ἰουδαίους χρῆσθαι τοῖς ἰδίοις θεσμοῖς κατὰ τὸν πάτριον αὐτῶν νόμον, καθὼς ἐχρῶντο ἐπὶ Ὑρκανοῦ ἀρχιερέως θεοῦ ὑψίστου, τά τε ἱερὰ * εἶναι ἐν ἀσυλίᾳ καὶ ἀναπέμπεσθαι εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα καὶ ἀποδίδοσθαι τοῖς ἀποδοχεῦσιν Ἱεροσολύμων, ἐγγύας τε μὴ ὁμολογεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐν σάββασιν ἢ τῇ πρὸ αὐτῆς παρασκευῇ ἀπὸ ὥρας ἐνάτης. [164] ἐὰν δέ τις φωραθῇ κλέπτων τὰς ἱερὰς βίβλους αὐτῶν ἢ τὰ ἱερὰ χρήματα ἔκ τε σαββατείου ἔκ τε ἀνδρῶνος, εἶναι αὐτὸν ἱερόσυλον καὶ τὸν βίον αὐτοῦ ἐνεχθῆναι εἰς τὸ δημόσιον τῶν Ῥωμαίων. [165] τό τε ψήφισμα τὸ δοθέν μοι ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐμῆς εὐσεβείας ἧς ἔχω πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους καὶ ὑπὲρ Γαΐου Μαρκίου Κηνσωρίνου καὶ τοῦτο τὸ διάταγμα κελεύω ἀνατεθῆναι ἐν ἐπισημοτάτῳ τόπῳ τῷ γενηθέντι μοι ὑπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ τῆς Ἀσίας ἐν Ἀγκύρῃ. ἐὰν δέ τις παραβῇ τι τῶν προειρημένων, δώσει δίκην οὐ μετρίαν. ἐστηλογραφήθη ἐν τῷ Καίσαρος ναῷ.’” [Greek - Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 16.162 or Book 16 Chapter 6 Section 2] - http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper...5:book=16:whiston+chapter=6:whiston+section=2

In English:

“[162] "Caesar Augustus, high priest and tribune of the people, ordains thus: Since the nation of the Jews hath been found grateful to the Roman people, not only at this time, but in time past also, and chiefly Hyrcanus the high priest, under my father 1

Caesar the emperor, it seemed good to me and my counselors, according to the sentence and oath of the people of Rome, that the Jews have liberty to make use of their own customs, according to the law of their forefathers, as they made use of them under Hyrcanus the high priest of the Almighty God; and that their sacred money be not touched, but be sent to Jerusalem, and that it be committed to the care of the receivers at Jerusalem; and that they be not obliged to go before any judge on the sabbath day, nor on the day of the preparation to it, after the ninth hour. 2

But if any one be caught stealing their holy books, or their sacred money, whether it be out of the synagogue or public school, he shall be deemed a sacrilegious person, and his goods shall be brought into the public treasury of the Romans. And I give order that the testimonial which they have given me, on account of my regard to that piety which I exercise toward all mankind, and out of regard to Caius Marcus Censorinus, together with the present decree, be proposed in that most eminent place which hath been consecrated to me by the community of Asia at Ancyra. And if any one transgress any part of what is above decreed, he shall be severely punished." This was inscribed upon a pillar in the temple of Caesar.

1 Augustus here calls Julius Caesar his father, though by birth he was only his uncle, on account of his adoption by him. See the same Antiq. B. XIV. ch. 14. sect. 4.

2 This is authentic evidence that the Jews, in the days of Augustus, began to prepare for the celebration of the sabbath at the ninth hour on Friday, as the tradition of the elders did, it seems, then require of them.” [English - Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 16.162 or Book 16 Chapter 6 Section 2] - http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0146:book=16:section=162​

 

[One Baptism]

The Latin Dictionary, which follows the Greek, gives for “parasceve” as:

“părăscēvē , ēs, f., = παρασκευή, I. the day of preparation, i. e. the day before the Sabbath, Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 12; id. adv. Psych. 14; Vulg. Matt. 27, 62; id. Luc. 23, 54.” - http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper...9.04.0059:entry=parasceve&highlight=parasceve

“... [6] Meminerat enim et ille hoc privilegium donatum sabbato a primordio quo dies ipse compertus est, veniam ieiunii dico. cum enim prohibuisset creator in biduum legi manna, solummodo permisit in parasceue, ut sabbati sequentis ferias pridiana pabuli paratura ieiunio liberaret. ...” [Latin – Tertullian: Adversus Marcionem; Liber Quartus or Book IV [4], Chapter XII [12]] - http://www.tertullian.org/articles/evans_marc/evans_marc_09book4.htm

“... For he too remembered that even from the beginning, since the sabbath day was first instituted, this privilege was granted to it—I mean exemption from fasting. For when the Creator forbade the gathering of two days' supply of manna, he allowed it only on the day before the sabbath, so that by having food prepared the day before he might make immune from fasting the holy day of the sabbath that followed. ...” [English – Tertullian: Against Marcion; Book 4, Chapter 12] - http://www.tertullian.org/articles/evans_marc/evans_marc_10book4_eng.htm

“XIV. 1. Horum igitur tempora obseruantes et dies et menses et annos galaticamur? Plane, si Iudaicarum caeremoniarum, si legalium sollemnitatum obseruantes sumus; illas enim apostolus dedocet compescens ueteris testamenti in Christo sepulti perseuerantiam et noui sistens. 2. Quod si noua conditio in Christo, noua et sollemnia esse debebunt: aut si omnem in totum deuotionem temporum et dierum et mensium et annorum erasit apostolus, cur pascha celebramus annuo circulo in mense primo? Cur quinquaginta exinde diebus in omni exultatione decurrimus? Cur stationibus quartam et sextam sabbati dicamus et ieiuniis parasceuen? 3. Quamquam uos etiam sabbatum, si quando, continuatis, numquam nisi in pascha ieiunandum secundum rationem alibi redditam. Nobis certe omnis dies etiam uulgata consecratione celebratur. Nec ergo apud apostolum differentiae ratio, distinguentem noua et uetera. 4. Sed et hic inaequalitas uestra ridebitur, cum uetustatum formam nobis exprobratis in quo causam nouitatis accusatis.” [Tertullian: De Ieiunio Adversus Psychicos XIV [14]] - http://www.tertullian.org/latin/de_ieiunio.htm

“Chapter XIV.—Reply to the Charge of “Galaticism.”

Being, therefore, observers of “seasons” for these things, and of “days, and months, and years,”[1] we Galaticize. Plainly we do, if we are observers of Jewish ceremonies, of legal solemnities: for those the apostle unteaches, suppressing the continuance of the Old Testament which has been buried in Christ, and establishing that of the New. But if there is a new creation in Christ,[2] our solemnities too will be bound to be new: else, if the apostle has erased all devotion absolutely “of seasons, and days, and months, and years,” why do we celebrate the passover by an annual rotation in the first month? Why in the fifty ensuing days do we spend our time in all exultation? Why do we devote to Stations the fourth and sixth days of the week, and to fasts the “preparation-day?”[3] Anyhow, you sometimes continue your Station even over the Sabbath,—a day never to be kept as a fast except at the passover season, according to a reason elsewhere given. With us, at all events, every day likewise is celebrated by an ordinary consecration. And it will not, then, be, in the eyes of the apostle, the differentiating principle—distinguishing (as he is doing) “things new and old”[4]—which will be ridiculous; but (in this case too) it will be your own unfairness, while you taunt us with the form of antiquity all the while you are laying against us the charge of novelty. ” “[1] Comp. Gal. iv. 10.; [2] Comp. Luke xxii. 20; 2 Cor. v. 17, etc.; [3] Comp. Mark xv. 42. [“And now when the even was come, because it was the preparation, that is, the day before the sabbath,” Mark 15:42 KJV]; [4] Comp. Matt. xiii. 52 ad fin.” [English - Tertullian: On Fasting, Against The Materialistic/Materialists 14; or also the Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume IV [4]; Tertullian; Fourth Part; On Fasting; Chapter 14] - http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-...Tertullian:_Part_Fourth/On_Fasting/Chapter_14​

 

[One Baptism]

In conclusion to this "preparation" we see from the Scripture itself:

Thus we see the 2 uses, even in extant Greek literature, the [1] Primary from Genesis, the weekly; and [2] the Secondary, use for the seasonal feastal sabbaths which came only once in the year.

[1] The Primary use, from Genesis, the weekly:

Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. Exodus 16:4

And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. Exodus 16:5

And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. Exodus 16:23​

[2] The Secondary use, for the seasonal feasts (& also their associated sabbaths) which came only once in the year, as Passover:

“So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the LORD, according to the commandment of king Josiah.” 2 Chronicles 35:16

“And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days.” 2 Chronicles 35:17​

 

[Gerhard Ebersoehn]

In conclusion to this "preparation" we see from the Scripture itself:

Thus we see the 2 uses, even in extant Greek literature, the [1] Primary from Genesis, the weekly; and [2] the Secondary, use for the seasonal feastal sabbaths which came only once in the year.

[1] The Primary use, from Genesis, the weekly:

Then said the LORD unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a certain rate every day, that I may prove them, whether they will walk in my law, or no. Exodus 16:4

And it shall come to pass, that on the sixth day they shall prepare that which they bring in; and it shall be twice as much as they gather daily. Exodus 16:5

And he said unto them, This is that which the LORD hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto the LORD: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning. Exodus 16:23​

[2] The Secondary use, for the seasonal feasts (& also their associated sabbaths) which came only once in the year, as Passover:

“So all the service of the LORD was prepared the same day, to keep the passover, and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar of the LORD, according to the commandment of king Josiah.” 2 Chronicles 35:16

“And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days.” 2 Chronicles 35:17​

Perfect!

At Jesus' Last Passover, both these 'Preparation' days are mentioned in so many defining and self-explanatory NOMENCLATURAL clauses,

[2] above.... "It was The Preparation Day OF THE PASSOVER and 6 o'clock in the morning" John 19:14, "before the Feast" John 13:1 "the first day they killed the passover on" Mark 14:12 Matthew 26:17 Luke 22:7.

[1] above.... "Evening having already come because it had become The Preparation which is the Fore-Sabbath" Mark 15:42 Matthew 27:57, John 19:31 Luke 23:50 the day at the ending of which "the Sabbath approached" Luke 23:54 and the "Jews' preparations" were to be made for the Sabbath John 19:42 after Joseph had closed the grave --- which was the day between the "evening" after which Joseph began with his undertaking and the time "the women started to rest the Sabbath according to the (Fourth) Commandment" after sunset. Luke 23:56b.

 

[One Baptism]

Now that the Month [1st Month - Aviv/Nisan, as Passover], Day [14th Day of the 1st Month of Aviv/Nisan from the New Moon, being in that year the 6th day of the week, also known as the 'preparation' day, [aka 'friday', though not technically the same]] and Hour [3PM, known as "the 9th Hour", the time of the evening sacrifice] and it has also been shown that Jesus rested in the Tomb on the 7th Day Sabbath of the LORD thy God according to the [4th] Commandment [Exodus 20:8-11] [being also the 15th Day of the 1st Month of Aviv/Nisan, being also the first Day of the feast of Unleavened Bread, a festal sabbath in conjunction, His flesh, as the Manna, without seeing corruption] and that Jesus arose the very next morning as the Great Anti-type of the Manna in the Golden Pot, placed before the Testimony [the real in Heaven, 1st ascension] [being the 16th Day of the 1st Month of Aviv/Nisan, the day of the WaveSheaf and Firstfruits offering, Jesus arisen to never die again, leading captivity captive] are demonstrated from the Scripture, let us consider a little more the Year, Jesus was to die.

I will quote a section from the History is Repeating thread [ http://www.baptistboard.com/showthread.php?t=99104 ] so as not to wast time [but edited/shortened and reformatted]:

...

In Daniel 10:1, we see that Cyrus II the Great of (Medo)Persia was already in the third year of his reign, being two years since the First (of Three) Decree(s) (Ezra 6:14) went forward in 536/538 BC (2 Chronicles 36:22-3; Ezra 1:1-4, 6:3; Isaiah 44:26-28; Daniel 1:21), in which Daniel (greatly beloved) was still alive (at about 90 years of age, the age of John the beloved Apostle on the Isle of Patmos):

Daniel 10:1 - In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing [was] true, but the time appointed [was] long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision.​

Yet we see that, in Daniel 10, that the messenger Gabriel (*) comes to speak with Daniel about events that were Future to Daniel's present time (Daniel 11:1), which would run through the course of history (Daniel 11:1-45; 12:1-3; all linked with Daniel 1-10), unto and through the first coming of Christ Jesus, and continuing all the way through history unto the end and second coming of Christ Jesus (Daniel 12:1-3).

...

Now consider, most carefully.

According to Daniel 10:1, Cyrus II the Great was ruling.

According to Daniel 11:1-2, "yet" "three Kings" were to come after him.

Daniel 11:1 - Also I in the first year of Darius the Mede, [even] I, stood to confirm and to strengthen him.

Daniel 11:2 - And now will I shew thee the truth. Behold, there shall stand up yet three kings in Persia; and the fourth shall be far richer than [they] all: and by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia.​

Those "yet" "three Kings" of (Medo)Persia, according to Scripture, were:

[I.] Cambyses II (son of Cyrus II the Great) and in Scripture known as "Ahasuerus" (Ezra 4:6) who conquered Egypt, the Third Rib (Daniel 7:5), Third Direction, "Southward" (Daniel 8:4) (and do not confuse this "Ahasuerus" person with the previous "Ahasuerus", the father of Darius the Mede (Daniel 9:1); nor confuse him with the later "Ahasuerus", the husband of Esther (Haddasah); who was Xerxes I the Great (who ruled not over 120 (Daniel 6:1), but now over the increased 127 provinces (Esther 1:1)),

[II.] (false) Artaxerxes (also known as False Smerdis, Pseudo Bardiya, sometimes, Gaumata (and is not to be confused with the real "Artaxerxes I Longimanus" (the son of Xerxes I the Great, "Ahasuerus", Husband of Esther, which ruled over 127 provinces) who issued the Third and final decree years later))) of Ezra 4:7, who illegally (Daniel 6:8,12,15, the law of the Medes/Persians could not be legally changed) gave the 'countermanding' decree (Ezra 4:7-24) to Cyrus II the Great's decree.

[III.] Darius I Hystaspes The Persian (Ezra 4:5,24, 5:5,6,7, 6:1,12,13, 14,15; Haggai 1:1,15, 2:10; Zechariah 1:1,7, 7:1) (not to be confused with Darius the Mede of years earlier (Daniel 5:31, 6:1,6,9,25,28, 9:1, 11:1)) who gave the Second Decree in 520 BC, to re-enact Cyrus II's Original Decree, because of the false 'countermanding' decree of the previous king, whom Darius I Hystaspes killed and assumed the throne.​

Then notice, that there would a a "fourth" "king" who "shall be far richer than [they] all", even "by his strength through his riches he shall stir up all against the realm of Grecia".

[IV.] Xerxes I the Great, the "Ahasuerus", Husband of Esther who ruled over 127 provinces in Esther 1:1 and throughout. By his great wealth inherited from the spoils of Cyrus II the Great (Isaiah 45:1-3), who conquered Babylon and Lydia (King Croesus) and under Cambyses II, also conquered Egypt and its treasures (Hebrews 11:26) and also from the "revenue of the Kings" (Ezra 4:13) from his father Darius I Hystaspes the Persian in his campaigns, and from also the "tribute" put forth by himself, unto all the "isles" [even Greeks/Macedonians, etc]:

Esther 10:1 - And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and [upon] the isles of the sea.​

Those "isles" included "Javan" or the Greeks (Isaiah 66:19, etc).

Then came Artaxerxes I Longimanus and so on...

(*) We can know that the messenger that spoke with Daniel is Gabriel through Scripture comparison of the previous and latter texts, demonstrable upon request.

 

[One Baptism]

In Ezra 6:14, we read that there were a total of 3 Decrees [type/anti-type - Revelation 14:6-12] and in type, a fourth set of letters [never called a "decree"] in Nehemiah [see anti-type in Revelation 18:1-5]:

And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished [it], according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia. - Ezra 6:14​

This demonstrates that the 3 Decrees are "the commandment" [Daniel 9:25]:

[of [1st Decree] Cyrus II The Great [in the first year of his reign [536/538 BC]; Ezra 1:1-11, 4:3,5, 5:13-17, 6:3-5; 2 Chronicles 36:22-23] and,

[2nd Decree] Darius I Hystatspes The Persian [[520 BC] Ezra 4:5,24, 5:5, 6:7,8-13] and,

[3rd Decree] Artaxerxes I Longimanus [in the 7th Year of His reign [457 BC]; Ezra 7:7,13-26]​

The Year AD 31 for the death of Jesus is fixed by Scripture and Historic Chronology, for in Daniel 8 [“... a vision appeared unto me ..” Daniel 8:1; “... I saw in a vision … I saw in a vision ...” Daniel 8:2; “... and saw, and, behold, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns ...” Daniel 8:3; “Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto that certain saint which spake, How long [shall be] the vision [concerning] the daily [sacrifice], and the transgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?” Daniel 8:13; “And he said unto me, Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.” Daniel 8:14; “The ram which thou sawest having two horns are the kings of Media and Persia.” Daniel 8:20; “And the vision of the evening and the morning which was told is true: wherefore shut thou up the vision; for it shall be for many days.” Daniel 8:26], we receive that the vision began with the Kingdom of Medo-Persia, and it was with that Kingdom that the decree of Cyrus II The Great, Darius I Hystaspes The Persian and finally Artaxerxes I Longimanus in His 7th Year [457 BC] would go forward and the 2,300 evening/mornings [day/years] begin.

Yet in Daniel 8, it is written:

And I Daniel fainted, and was sick [certain] days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood [it]. - Daniel 8:27​

In Daniel 9 [“At the beginning of thy supplications the commandment came forth, and I am come to shew thee; for thou art greatly beloved: therefore understand the matter, and consider the vision.” Daniel 9:23; “Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.” Daniel 9:24; “Know therefore and understand, that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah the Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks: the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times.” Daniel 9:25; “And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.” Daniel 9:26; “And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.” Daniel 9:27] it is confirmed with the 490 day/years [70 Weeks; Ezekiel 4:6; Numbers 14:34, etc [20 more reasons day = year] - http://www.secretsunsealed.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/yeardayprinciple.pdf ] sectioned/determined [section from the larger time prophecy of Daniel 8, "the vision" therein] for the Jews out of it, and further in Daniel 10-11 we have further confirmation of events and times, see Daniel 10:1-21, 11:1-2 and in Ezra, Esther and Nehemiah.

The First Decree [of Cyrus II the Great; 536/538 BC] was countermanded by (false) Artaxerxes (False Smerdis, etc) [Ezra 4:7] and thus had to be re-instated by the Second Decree given by Darius I Hystaspes The Persian [520 BC] and yet it did not yet give full governmental and autonomous powers to the Jews to be able to execute the death sentence, etc, as did the final and 3rd Decree of Artaxerxes I Longimanus in the 7th Year of His reign [457 BC].

 

[One Baptism]

ARTAXERXES I LONGIMANUS [The 3rd] DECREE [The 7th Year of His Reign [457 BC]]:

“Now after these things, in the reign of Artaxerxes king of Persia, Ezra the son of Seraiah, the son of Azariah, the son of Hilkiah,” Ezra 7:1

“This Ezra went up from Babylon; and he [was] a ready scribe in the law of Moses, which the LORD God of Israel had given: and the king granted him all his request, according to the hand of the LORD his God upon him.” Ezra 7:6

“And there went up [some] of the children of Israel, and of the priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, unto Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king.” Ezra 7:7

“And he came to Jerusalem in the fifth month, which [was] in the seventh year of the king.” Ezra 7:8

“For upon the first [day] of the first month began he to go up from Babylon, and on the first [day] of the fifth month came he to Jerusalem, according to the good hand of his God upon him.” Ezra 7:9

“For Ezra had prepared his heart to seek the law of the LORD, and to do [it], and to teach in Israel statutes and judgments.” Ezra 7:10

“Now this [is] the copy of the letter that the king Artaxerxes gave unto Ezra the priest, the scribe, [even] a scribe of the words of the commandments of the LORD, and of his statutes to Israel.” Ezra 7:11

“Artaxerxes, king of kings, unto Ezra the priest, a scribe of the law of the God of heaven, perfect [peace], and at such a time.” Ezra 7:12

“I make a decree, that all they of the people of Israel, and [of] his priests and Levites, in my realm, which are minded of their own freewill to go up to Jerusalem, go with thee.” Ezra 7:13

“Forasmuch as thou art sent of the king, and of his seven counsellors, to enquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem, according to the law of thy God which [is] in thine hand;” Ezra 7:14

“And to carry the silver and gold, which the king and his counsellors have freely offered unto the God of Israel, whose habitation [is] in Jerusalem,” Ezra 7:15

“And all the silver and gold that thou canst find in all the province of Babylon, with the freewill offering of the people, and of the priests, offering willingly for the house of their God which [is] in Jerusalem:” Ezra 7:16

“That thou mayest buy speedily with this money bullocks, rams, lambs, with their meat offerings and their drink offerings, and offer them upon the altar of the house of your God which [is] in Jerusalem.” Ezra 7:17

“And whatsoever shall seem good to thee, and to thy brethren, to do with the rest of the silver and the gold, that do after the will of your God.” Ezra 7:18

“The vessels also that are given thee for the service of the house of thy God, [those] deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem.” Ezra 7:19

“And whatsoever more shall be needful for the house of thy God, which thou shalt have occasion to bestow, bestow [it] out of the king's treasure house.” Ezra 7:20

“And I, [even] I Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which [are] beyond the river, that whatsoever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the law of the God of heaven, shall require of you, it be done speedily,” Ezra 7:21

“Unto an hundred talents of silver, and to an hundred measures of wheat, and to an hundred baths of wine, and to an hundred baths of oil, and salt without prescribing [how much].” Ezra 7:22

“Whatsoever is commanded by the God of heaven, let it be diligently done for the house of the God of heaven: for why should there be wrath against the realm of the king and his sons?” Ezra 7:23

“Also we certify you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, singers, porters, Nethinims, or ministers of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose toll, tribute, or custom, upon them.” Ezra 7:24

“And thou, Ezra, after the wisdom of thy God, that [is] in thine hand, set magistrates and judges, which may judge all the people that [are] beyond the river, all such as know the laws of thy God; and teach ye them that know [them] not.” Ezra 7:25

“And whosoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed speedily upon him, whether [it be] unto death, or to banishment, or to confiscation of goods, or to imprisonment.” Ezra 7:26

“Blessed [be] the LORD God of our fathers, which hath put [such a thing] as this in the king's heart, to beautify the house of the LORD which [is] in Jerusalem:” Ezra 7:27

“And hath extended mercy unto me before the king, and his counsellors, and before all the king's mighty princes. And I was strengthened as the hand of the LORD my God [was] upon me, and I gathered together out of Israel chief men to go up with me.” Ezra 7:28

“And they delivered the king's commissions unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors on this side the river: and they furthered the people, and the house of God.” Ezra 8:36

“For we [were] bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem.” Ezra 9:9​

 

[One Baptism]

According to known historical record, Artaxerxes I Longimanus ruled from 464/465 BC to 424 BC, [thus the 7th Year is 457 BC] even from The Chronology of Ezra 7, by Siegfried H Horn & Lynn H Wood - http://www.scribd.com/doc/150308036/The-Chronology-of-Ezra-7-Siegried-h-Horn

Also from other known sources, like Ptolemy's Canon [King's List] and Wikipedia:

"Cyrus: 538–530 BC
Cambyses: 529–522 BC
[False Smerdis, (False Artaxerxes)* added]
Darius I: 521–486 BC
Xerxes I: 485–465 BC
Artaxerxes I: 464–424 BC
Darius II: 423–405 BC
Artaxerxes II: 404–359 BC
Artaxerxes III (Ochus): 358–338 BC
Arses (Arogus): 337–336 BC
Darius III: 335–332 BC"​

[source] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_of_Kings#Persian_Kings.2C_538.E2.80.93332_BC

Or here - Ptolemy's Canon

21 Kyros Cyrus the Great 9 538-530 5 January 538 - 2 January 529
22 Kambysos Cambyses II 8 529-522 3 January 529 - 31 December 522
23 Dareios the First Darius I the Great 36 521-486 1 January 521 - 22 December 486
24 Xerxes Xerxes I 21 485-465 23 December 486 - 16 December 465
25 Artaxerxes the First Artaxerxes I Makrocheir 41 464-424 17 December 465 - 7 December 424
26 Dareios the Second Darius II Nothus 19 423-405 8 December 424 - 1 December 405
27 Artaxerxes the Second Artaxerxes II Mnemon 46 404-359 2 December 405 - 20 November 359
28 Ochos Artaxerxes III Ochus 21 358-338 21 November 359 - 15 November 338
29 Arogos Artaxerxes IV Arses 2 337-336 16 November 338 - 14 November 336
30 Dareios the Third Darius III Codomannus 4 335-332 15 November 336 - 13 November 332​

[source] - http://www.livius.org/cg-cm/chronology/canon.html

Even the Ex-Jehovah's Witness, and historian, Carol Olof Jonsson [and others] confirms with great accuracy this date [457 BC].

"... The decisive evidence for the length of Artaxerxes’ rule is the astronomical information found on a number of tablets dated to his reign. One such text is the astronomical "diary" "VAT 5047", clearly dated to the 11th year of Artaxerxes. Although the text is damaged, it preserves information about two lunar positions relative to planets and the positions of Mercury, Jupiter, Venus and Saturn. This information suffices to identify the date of the text as 454 B.C. As this was the 11th year of Artaxerxes, the preceding year, 455 BC, cannot have been his 20th year as the Watch Tower Society claims, but his 10th year. His 20th year, then,must have been 445/44 BC. (See Sachs/Hunger, Astronomical Diaries and Related Texts from Babylonia, Vol. 1, Wien 1988, pp. 56-59.)

There are also some tablets dated to the 21st and last year of Xerxes. One of them, BM 32234, which is dated to day 14 or 18 of the 5th month of Xerxes’ 21st year, belongs to the group of astronomical texts called "18-year texts" or "Saros texts". The astronomical information preserved on this tablet fixes it to the year 465 BC. The text includes the following interesting information: "Month V 14 (+x) Xerxes was murdered by his son." This text alone not only shows that Xerxes ruled for 21 year, but also that his last year was 465 BC, not 475 as the Society holds!

There are several "Saros texts" of this type covering the reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes. The many detailed and dated descriptions of lunar eclipses from different years of their reigns establish the chronology of this period as an absolute chronology.

Two other astronomical tablets from the reigns of Xerxes and Artaxerxes, BM 45674 and BM 32299, contain dated observations of the planet Venus. Again, these observations establish the chronology of this period as an absolute chronology.

Thus we have numerous astronomical observations dated to different parts of the reigns of Xerxes and Axtaxerxes preserved on cuneiform tablets. In many cases, only one or two of these observations would suffice to establish the beginning and end of their reigns. The total number of astronomical observations dated to their reigns, however, are about 40 or more. It is impossible, therefore, to change their reigns even one year! The Society’s dating of Artaxerxes’ 20th year to 455 BC is demonstrably wrong. This, of course, also proves that their interpretation of the 70 weeks of Daniel is wrong. ..." - http://kristenfrihet.se/english/artaxerxes.htm or http://web.archive.org/web/20050425083654/http://user.tninet.se/~oof408u/fkf/english/artaxerxes.htm​

Etc- http://www.jwfacts.com/pdf/carl-olof-jonsson-when-jerusalem-destroyed.pdf

Furthermore, from Wikipedia itself:

"Artaxerxes I was the sixth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 465 BCE to 424 BCE. He was the son of Xerxes I of Persia and Amestris, daughter of Otanes." [Wikipedia; Artaxerxes I, Longimanus] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia

"Artaxerxes (Hebrew: אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא‎, pronounced [artaχʃast]) commissioned Ezra, a Jewish priest-scribe, by means of a letter of decree, to take charge of the ecclesiastical and civil affairs of the Jewish nation. A copy of this decree may be found in Ezra 7:13-28.

Ezra thereby left Babylon in the first month of the seventh year (~ 457 BCE) of Artaxerxes' reign, at the head of a company of Jews that included priests and Levites. They arrived in Jerusalem on the first day of the fifth month of the seventh year (Hebrew Calendar).

The rebuilding of the Jewish community in Jerusalem had begun under Cyrus the Great, who had permitted Jews held captive in Babylon, to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple of Solomon. Consequently, a number of Jews returned to Jerusalem in 538 B.C., and the foundation of this "Second Temple" was laid the following year.

In Artaxerxes' 20th year (444 B.C.)[5], Nehemiah, the king's cupbearer, apparently was also a friend of the king as in that year Artaxerxes inquired after Nehemiah's sadness. Nehemiah related to him the plight of the Jewish people and that the city of Jerusalem was undefended. The king sent Nehemiah to Jerusalem with letters of safe passage to the governors in Trans-Euphrates, and to Asaph, keeper of the royal forests, to make beams for the citadel by the Temple and to rebuild the city walls.[6]" [Wikipedia; Artaxerxes I, Longimanus; Portrayal in the Book of Ezra and Nehemiah] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia#Portrayal_in_the_Book_of_Ezra_and_Nehemiah​

Another:

"Year 457 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pulvillus and Augurinus or Cincinnatus and Vibulanus (or, less frequently, year 297 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 457 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. ...

... Persian Empire

Artaxerxes I decrees that the city government of Jerusalem shall be re-established.[1]" [Wikipedia; 457 BC] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/457_BC​

Thus proving from numerous sources the 457 BC date of the 7th year of the reign of Artaxerxes I Longimanus.

Now, let us consider the Prophecy of Daniel, the decrees, their dates and connect it to the New Testament Chronologies.

 

[One Baptism]

So, since there are 3 “decrees” and 1 set of “letters” in scripture given, the only dates which can apply to the Daniel Prophecy are these (following) alone, and only to one of them can the 483 years be added [69 weeks of the 70 weeks],

[1.] The decree of Cyrus recorded in Ezra 1:1-4. 536/538 BC

[2.] The decree of Darius I recorded in Ezra 6:1-12. 520 BC

[3.] The decree of Artaxerxes I (Longimanus) recorded in Ezra 7:12-26. 457 BC

[4.] The letters of Artaxerxes mentioned in Nehemiah chapters 1 and 2. 444/445 BC​

If we add 483 years [69 weeks of the 70 weeks], and then add 3 1/2 years until Christ's death, and 3 1/2 years until end of 70 weeks] to these dates, notice their timeframes and the impossibility of 3 of them to be relevant by Scriptural standards [Ezekiel 4:6; Numbers 14:34, etc as already cited]:

[1.] 536/538 BC + 483 years = BC 53/51 [still BC] + 3 1/2 years = 49/48/46 BC [still BC] + 3 1/2 years = 45/44/43 BC [still BC, end of 70 weeks]

[2.] 520 BC + 483 years = BC 37 [still BC] + 3 1/2 years = 33/32 BC [still BC] + 3 1/2 years = 29/28 BC [still BC, end of 70 weeks]

[3.] 457 BC + 483 years = AD 27 [no year 0] + 3 1/2 years = AD 31 + 3 1/2 years = AD 34 [end of 70 weeks]

[4.] 444 BC + 483 years = AD 40 [no year 0] + 3 1/2 years = AD 43/44 + 3 1/2 years = AD 47/48 [end of 70 weeks]​

So, of the 4 possibilities, the first two [1. and 2.] are completely out of the question, being entirely too early, as they are not even close to Christ Jesus anointing [or even His birth], and also do not reconcile with the whole of Daniel [especially chapter 11, and the 'tax']. The fourth [4.] is also out of the question, being entirely too late even for His death.

The only option that is even of sense to the prophetic scriptures of Daniel, and also the events as described in Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah, etc. is obviously the third [3.] choice, which is one of ordered mathematics, rulerships of kings and heads of state, scripture and God's providence.

We know by so many texts and historical record that it was indeed the year AD 31 in which Christ Jesus [Messiah the Prince] died, fulfilling Prophecy to the exact specifications set forth so many millennia ago in the Word of God.

457 BC is the beginning of the Decree in Ezra 7 and thus the 2300 day/years also ended in 1844 [and we can also know this by other corresponding prophecies preceding it which were also fulfilled].

[source] - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Ezrachonology.jpg

[having begun in 457 BC; Ezra 7, etc [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/457_BC ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artaxerxes_I_of_Persia ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ezrachonology.jpg ]:

Notice Luke’s Historical account:

“Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene,” Luke 3:1​

[Source] - http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/TwentySevenAD.jpg

[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberius ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TwentySevenAD.jpg ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontius_Pilate ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch ] [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_great ]

As for the Daniel 9 passages, the internal consistency requires it to be Jesus Christ being referred to, and for the day/year principle.

Jesus was anointed as Christ [Messiah] - http://www.baptistboard.com/showpost.php?p=2213992&postcount=26 in AD 27 [6 months into John the Baptist Ministry, which began in AD 26*], according to scripture at His Baptism in the River Jordan, and recognized as such by not only John the Baptist [the forerunner], but by the Holy Spirit and God the Father. It was not at the “triumphal entry”.

Jesus then preached for 3 ½ years according to Scripture, as already demonstrated, and thus the first half of the final 70th week was fulfilled in AD 31 at the Cross when Christ Jesus was cut off but not for himself, and the final 3 ½ years were fulfilled by the disciples and Apostles according to Hebrews 2:3, "... so great salvation; which at the first began to be spoken by the Lord, and was confirmed unto us by them that heard him"; John 20:21, "... as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you."; Luke 4:25, "... three years and six months ..."; Luke 13:7, "... these three years ..."; Luke 13:8, "... let it alone this year also ..." [confirmed first by Jesus, see last supper “testament/covenant” in “my blood” “shed for all” etc, then by those which heard him], and thus the council rejected not only Christ Jesus in AD 31, but also those whom He sent like Stephen which died in AD 34. From then onward the Gospel goes to the Gentiles through the dispersion and Paul..:

*“...to determining when the reign of Tiberius Caesar started.[38] The traditional approach is … that the reign of Tiberius started when he became co-regent in 11AD, placing the start of the ministry of John the Baptist around 26 AD. ...” - [Wikipedia; "Baptism of Jesus"] - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_jesus​

[Source] - http://www.biblelight.net/diagram.gif

 

[One Baptism]

Now, some may be a bit more chronologically inclined, and go to several calenders and be unable to come to the conclusion of a 'friday' [6th day of the week] Crucifixion for the year AD 31, in the 1st month of Aviv/Nisan on the 14th Day of that month. They would be commended for such an effort, but the apriori behind those calculations would be flawed, since there would be inherently a talmudic influence [a standardizing of the calender], from Hillel II, which is unscriptural.

Let us consider a moment, that there is something we need look at from another historical writer in conjunction with the already given historical sources, and know that not all Jewish timekeepers followed that method, but some remained with the Scriptural, and this was understood by various historians and chronologists:

Samuel Sheffield Snow [S. S. Snow]

“... We come now to an examination of chronological dates. And let it not be forgotten that, as we have proved, the 70 weeks must have commenced on the 10th day of 7th month. The date of the year assigned for their commencement is B. C. 457. There has been some diversity of opinion among chronologists, as to the correctness of that date; but the majority of standard writers on chronology have agreed on that as the true date. Not only so, but recent investigations have resulted in its confirmation. Among other testimony on this point, we give the following, from an article on prophetic chronology, by N. N. Whiting, published in the Advent Shield, No. 1:

“According to the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, there was an ‘Eclipse of the sun, April 30, B. C. 464, which was followed by the assassination of Xerxes by Artabanus.’ Artaxerxes succeeded Xerxes. Hence we may fix his accession to the throne between the months which have been named, (July and November,) in the year B. C. 464. His first year would, therefore, embrace part of 464 and part of 463 B. C. Nisan (the first month) in his year consequently, falls in B. C. 463. His seventh year would commence in B. C. 458, (not earlier than Ab, the fifth month,) and end B. C. 457. And, therefore, the first day of the first month, (Nisan) when Ezra left Babylon, was in the same year, B. C. 457.”

“The commencement of the reign of Artaxerxes can be ascertained by another process.

“The battle of Arbela put an end to the Persian monarchy. This battle was preceded by an eclipse of the moon, which occurred September 20th, B. C. 331, eleven days previous to the battle. See Arrian’s Life of Alexander, B. III., chap. 7; Quintus Curtius, B. IV. chap. 39; Plutarch’s Life of Alexander, and Fugreson’s Table of Eclipses, in his Astronomy.

The Canon of Ptolemy furnishes a history of the kings of Persia, with the period of each reign. He omits those who did not hold the throne a full year, by reckoning the months of their reign partly to the preceding and partly to the succeeding monarch. Thus Xerxes II. and Sogdianus began to reign B. C. 224. The former reigned two months, and the latter seven.

Neither are named by Ptolemy; still these nine months, being applied to the reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus and Darius Nothus, no time is actually lost by his computation.

Availing ourselves of the date of the battle of Arbela, which has been noticed, we can employ the Canon, and ascertain the era when Artaxerxes took the crown, by reckoning backward.

Darius Codomannus reigned 4 years to B.C. 331.

Arses, do. 2 do.

Darius Ochus, do. 21 do.

Aetaxerxes Mnemon, do. 46 do.

Darius Nothus, do. 19 do.

Sogdianus, do. 00 7 months.

Xerxes II. do. 00 2 months.

Artaxerxes Longimanus, do. 40 3 months.

133 00 years from B. C. 331, to the beginning of the reign of Artexerxes.

If we add 133 to the year B. C. 331, we learn the result 464 B. C.”

Thus we see that by two different methods, including both Astronomical and Historical proof, we arrive at the same result, viz., that Artexerxes began his reign in the year B. C. 464, and, consequently, that his seventh year commenced in the year B. C. 458, and embraced a part of the following year. It follows, therefore, that Ezra left Babylon in the first month of B. C. 457, and the commandment went forth in the seventh month of the same year. From that point, 2300 years terminate in the seventh month, A. D. 1844.

The next point to be considered is the date of the commencement of our Lord’s public preaching. This is a point of great importance, as it marks distinctly the termination of the sixty-nine weeks and the beginning of the last week of the seventy. And if, after a careful examination, we find it to harmonize with B. C. 457, which has been ascertained to be the true starting point, it will serve to confirm that date, and make ‘assurance doubly sure.’

In arriving at that date several steps are necessary. And first we will notice the fact that there was a difference of about six months between the ages of John the Baptist and our Lord. As proof of this, see Luke 1:24-37. In the next place let it be understood that John was a Levite, and of the order of the priesthood, Luke 1:5. According to the Law his ministry could not commence until he was thirty years of age: see Numbers 4:3, 23, 30, 35, 39, 43, 47; 1 Chronicles 23:3. As the birth of Jesus could not have been later in the year than December, the birth of John could not have been later than the preceding June. He was, therefore, thirty years old in the spring or in June, when he must have begun his ministry.

This was in the fifteenth year of Tiberius Casar---not of his sole reign, but of his administration, reckoned from the time when he was associated with his uncle Augustus in the government. The following remarks on the subject are from Horne:---’We learn from the Roman historians that the reign of Tiberius had two commencements: the first, when he was admitted to a place in the empire, (but without the title of Emperor,) in August, of the year 764, from the foundation of the city of Rome, three years before the death of Augustus; and the second, when he began to reign alone after that Emperor’s decease. It is from the first of these commencements that the fifteenth year, mentioned by St. Luke, is to be computed, who, as Tiberius did not assume the imperial title during the life of Augustus, makes use of a word which properly marks the nature of the power exercised by Tiberius, namely, “In the fifteenth year tés hégemonias [i.e. of the administration] of Tiberius Casar,”’ etc. Intro. B. I. p. 564.

Augustus died August 19th A. D. 14. And as Tiberius was united with him three years before, his administration must have commenced in August A. D. 11. From that point fourteen full years extend to August A. D. 25, when, of course, his fifteenth year began, which, reaching to August A. D. 26, would necessarily embrace that point of time at which John began his ministry. We come, then, to this result, that the ministry of John the Baptist began in the early part of A. D. 26.

Our Lord, being about six months younger that John, was thirty years of age in the autumn or in December following. About that time he was baptized; see Luke 3:21-23. After his baptism he attended a passover feast at Jerusalem; see John 2:3, 23. This was in the Spring, and, as it was the first spring after his baptism, must certainly have been in A. D. 27. After this he came into the land of Judea with his disciples, where he tarried and baptized. At the same time John was baptizing in Enon, not being yet cast into prison; see John 3:22-24. We may, therefore, rest assured that as late as the summer or autumn of A. D. 27, John’s imprisonment had not taken place.

But Jesus did not commence the confirming of the covenant, by his public preaching and his public miracles, until after the imprisonment of John. Matthew 4:12, 17, ‘Now, when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he departed into Galilee. From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the Kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ Mark 1:14, 15 ‘Now, after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God, and saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent ye, and the believe the gospel.’ Acts 10:37, ‘That word I say, ye know, which was published throughout all Judea, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached.’ Thus Matthew, Mark, and Peter, all testify that the public proclamation of the gospel by our Lord, began soon after the imprisonment of John. As that must have occurred in the summer or autumn of A. D. 27, the public preaching of Christ, accompanied by the confirmatory. Proofs of miracles publicly wrought, by which he was fully manifested to Israel and proved to be the true Messiah, did not commence till the autumn of A. D. 27. And that, it is very evident, must have been the true date.​

[To be continued...]

 

[One Baptism]

[...Continued from Previous]

But will this harmonize with the date B. C. 457? Let us see. From one point to the other there must be 69 weeks, i.e. 483 years. Suppose, then, the period to have embraced the whole of B. C. 457, there would then be needed 26 full years to make it complete. It would then extend from the first day of B. C. 457 to the first day of A. D. 27. But, as we have clearly proved, the period began on the 10th day of the 7th month. A part of B. C. 457 is not, therefore, to be included in the reckoning, and this deficiency must be made up by the addition of a part of A. D. 27. We see, then, that these two dates agree, and the 69 weeks which commenced in the 7th month B. C. 457, terminated in the 7th month A. D. 27. Then Jesus began to ‘confirm the covenant,’ and on the 10th day of the first month of A. D. 31, he caused the sacrifice and oblation to cease, and four days after that the nailed the hand writing of ordinances to his cross.

The argument of Ferguson, that the death of our Lord must have occurred in A. D. 33, is not valid. It is based upon the assumption that the Rabbinical Jews are correct in their mode of reckoning the year. Were that true, the argument would be perfect and irrefutable. The crucifixion was evidently on Friday, the day before the Sabbath. See John 19:31; Mark 15:42. It was also on the day of the Passover; John 18:28. Now, admitting the Rabbinical Jews to be correct, we find by astronomical calculation, that the Passover full moon occurred on Friday, in the year 33, and not for several years before or after. But the Caraite Jews accuse the others of corrupting the Law in this matter, in other words, of adopting the customs of the heathen in their mode of reckoning time. And on examination we find the charge to be just.

The Law imperatively required the presentation of the first-fruits’ sheaf, or handful, as a wave-offering, on the 16th day of the first month. But if the year be commenced, according to the Rabbinical Jews, with the new moon in March, it would be impossible to obey this requisition of the Law. For the grain would not be ripe in the first month. The Caraites, who adhere rigidly to the Law, usually commence the year one moon later than do the others; the one class regulating their year by the vernal equinox, after the manner of the Romans,—the other by the ripening of the barely harvest, according to the requirements of the Mosaic Law.

The Caraite computation is consequently correct; and the argument of Ferguson, based upon the Rabbinical reckoning, falls to the ground. The death of our Lord was not, therefore, in A. D. 33.

But let us see if it was not in A. D. 31.

In the first place let us understand and remember, that the passover was always either on the day in which the moon came to the full, or the day following. This would depend upon the point of commencement of the month. The Jews began their months with the first visible appearance of the new moon. When its change took place early in the morning it would be visible the same evening, and the first day of the month, would be the day following. And as there are between fourteen and fifteen days from the change of the moon to the full, and the passover was always the fourteenth day of the month, it would, in this case, occur on the very day of the full moon. But when the moon changed at a later hour in the day, it could not be visible the same evening. In that case the first day of the month would be the second day after the moon’s change, and, consequently, the fourteenth day of the month would be the day following the full. We find upon examination that this must have been the case with the Caraite first month, A. D. 31.

We find also, that in A. D. 33 the full moon was on the 3rd day of April. From one full moon to another are about 29 1/2 days. The Caraite passover in that year would be on the 3rd day of May. As the lunar months fall behind the solar 11 days every year, so, in reckoning backward from A. D. 33 to A. D. 31, there must be an addition of 11 days to each year, making, for the two years 22 days. We see, then, that as in A. D. 33 the full moon was on the 3rd of May, it must have occurred on the 25th of May in A. D. 31. The true passover day must therefore have been either the 25th or 26th of May in that year.

Again, in the Appendix Townsend’s arrangement of the New Testament will be found a very accurate table, exhibiting the time of the occurrence of the passover (according to the Rabbinical Jews,) during our Saviour’s life. In that table it is placed for A. D. 31, Tuesday, April 25th. Assuming this as undoubtedly correct, we shall find that 29 1/2 days, which make a lunar month, extend to Thursday, May 25th. And as there is a small excess over 29 1/2 days in a lunar month, and also over 11 days to a year in the precession of the moon’s changes, it came to the full in the latter part of the day. Consequently the passover was on the day following, which was Friday. We come, then, to this conclusion, that our Lord was crucified, on Friday, May 26th, A. D. 31. S. (To be continued.) ...” [The Jubilee Standard Volume 1; May 29, 1845; Volume 1, New York City, Thursday, Number 12., [section] Prophetic Chronology Continued – Samuel Sheffield Snow] - [Link to Source]​

 

[One Baptism]

This is confirmed by many others:

Coming to the conclusion of the years AD 27, AD 31 and AD 34 [ending the 70 weeks], and in the greater portion, from which the 490 were sectioned from, the 2,300 Years of Daniel 8:

Church of Ireland; Irish Clergyman and Scientific Writer: William Hales (AD 8 April 1747 – AD 30 January 1831) on Daniel 7:25, 8:14, 9:24:

“... [page 11] 3. If now we count forward ... the prophetic division of the 1260 years ... and included perhaps in that specified by Daniel VIII, 13-14, as of consisting of "2300 [page 11-12] prophetic days, or years," will be closed; supposing it to commence with Daniel's "70 prophetic weeks," or 490 years ...

... And according to the still more sagacious conjecture, of the learned and worthy Layman - (and Irishman too, were I at liberty to divulge his name) - in a Comment on the Revelation, 8vo, 1787, Payne, reckoning the 70 weeks the former branch of the grand prophetic period of 2300 days - and the latter 2300 - 490 = 1810 ...”

“... [page 76] (at the end of the grand prophetic period of 2300 days, Dan. VIII. 14.) ...”

“... [page 145] and the commencement of Daniel's 70 weeks, (forming the first branch of the grand prophetic period of 2300 days, VIII. 14.) ...”

“... [page 199] the amazing commentary, as it is the further illustration of the grand prophetic period of 2300 days in the preceeding chapter, Dan. VIII. ...”

“... [page 206] the assumed commencement of the 70 weeks, and also of the grand prophetic period of 2300 days ...”

“... [page 207] 26. And after the sixty and two weeks, before specified, as the largest division of the 70, was the Anointed [Leader] "cut off" judicially, by an iniquitous sentence, in the midst of the one week, which formed the third and last division, and began with our Lord's Baptism, about AD 27 - "When he was beginning to be thirty years of age," and commenced his mission, which lasted three years and half until his crucifixion, about AD 31.

27. During this one week, which ended about AD 34, (about the martyrdom of Stephan,) a new covenant was established with many of the Jews, of every class; in the midst of which the Temple sacrifice was virtually abrogated by the all-sufficient sacrifice of the Lamb of God that taketh away the sins of the [repentant and believing] world. ...”
“... [page 259]

Grand Prophetic Period of 2300 days - 149 [page]

First Division, 70 Weeks, or 490 years - 200

The 7 Weeks - - - - - 205

62 Weeks - - - - - - 207

1 Weeks - - - - - 207,208

Second Division, 1810 Years - - - .ib.

1260 Days (Note a) - - - -8,63

1290 Days - - - - - 34

1335 Days - - - - - 35 ...” [The Inspector, or Select Literary Intelligence for the Vulgar; AD 1798 … [select pages], written in 1799] - http://books.google.com/books?id=-aAPAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false​