Naturally, if one pre-supposes a Calvinist view-point there are numerous verses there which (in a vacuum) might very well appear to support the idea that God irresistibly determines who will or who will not believe.
But, again, none of those verses stand alone. It is simply not in any way individual election to salvation which is spoken of here, but rather the election of Israel, a people for a specific task about whom Paul is speaking.... and then subsequently, his choice of bringing in of GENTILES into the covenant of Grace. The chapter begins quite specifically with Paul setting the stage:
Rom 9:3 For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:
Notice what the "election" of Israel is about according to Paul:
vs. 4 Who are Israelites; to whom pertaineth the adoption, and the glory, and the covenants, and the giving of the law, and the service of God, and the promises
These "promises" are not for individual salvation, but rather the status of Israel as the covenant people who are given the Oracles of God, and the task to be the people from whom God chooses to bless ALL the nations of the World in Jesus Christ. Decidedly, there are individuals and the salvation of individual Jews which Paul is praying for and desires, but the passages quoted are in no way about salvation nor damnation of any individual at all....Notice what is said of Jacob and Esau:
Rom 9: 12 It was said unto her, The elder shall serve the younger.
My Calvinist friends would have us believe that Jacob is an example of a saved individual and Esau analogizes an un-saved individual....but there is NO REASON to assume this at all! Jacob was chosen to receive the birth-right and the blessing and to be the Patriarch through whom God would call his special people (the Jews).........but it says
nil about damning Esau.
Why should we assume Esau was un-saved? Why should we pre-suppose Esau was eternally damned? If anything, the evidence suggests other-wise. It is certainly not provable, but
Esau's errors were to despise the Birth-rights and the position of Priestly leadership......not to turn his back on God. Indeed, there was repentance exemplified by Esau, BOTH in his forgiveness of Jacob and his love of him, and in his understanding (albeit too late) that he had indeed esteemed his birth-right too lightly. But this does not render Esau un-saved, not in the least. Indeed, I can well suggest that God's choice of Jacob might quite well have been CONDITIONED upon the future free choices of both sons...consider their choices of Bride:
Gen 28:1 And Isaac called Jacob, and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, Thou shalt not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan.
28:2 Arise, go to Padanaram, to the house of Bethuel thy mother's father; and take thee a wife from thence of the daughters of Laban thy mother's brother.
Contrast Esau either wittingly or un-wittingly disqualifying himself vs. Jacob:
Gen 26: 34 And Esau was forty years old when he took to wife Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite:
These are without a doubt disqualifying CONDITIONS: See his failed response in chapter 28:
Gen 28: 8 And Esau seeing that the daughters of Canaan pleased not Isaac his father;
vs. 9 Then went Esau unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham's son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.
Given the back-ground and the actual choices made we see Paul is in NO WAY speaking of Jacob and Esau as a "saved" or "un-saved" individual....it's not what the promise was.
The "choice" was for Esau to serve Jacob, not for God to damn him...
Unfortunately, my Calvinist friends ignore the context of vs. 15 as well... notice the critical first 5 words:
v. 15: For he saith to Moses, I will have mercy on whom I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I will have compassion.
Does it not behoove us to see the context of what God said to Moses? Indeed, a quick reference to Exodus chapter 33 demonstrates two distinct things
1.) This is not a grace unto salvation....but rather God allowing Moses to see him in PERSON!
Ex. 33: 19 And he said, I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy.
2.) As might be expected........God's choice was also conditional:
vs. 17: And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.
How does this contrast with say.............Pharaoh, whom Paul mentions again:
Ex. 1: 8 Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.
Ex. 5: 2 And Pharaoh said, Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice to let Israel go? I know not the LORD, neither will I let Israel go.
Contrast this specifically with Moses' knowledge of God:
Ex. 3:13 And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them?
And what did God say of Moses?
vs. 17: And the LORD said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken: for thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name.
Similarly, the error of assuming that Pharaoh is analogous to an un-saved person is as false as it is with Esau. God says NOTHING about Pharaoh's being pre-destined to eternal damnation...It is in fact about Pharaoh's COMING TO POWER!!
For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth.
Notice what God "chose" for Pharaoh:
1.) That a NEW Egyptian regime would come to power (it did) notice chapter 1
2.) That God would harden him such that he could SHEW HIS POWER....not DAMN him.
What is this "CHOICE" God is making?....Indeed it is according to Paul to bring Gentiles, as a group into the fold, not to either save nor damn any individuals:
Rom 9: 24 Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
vs. 25: As he saith also in Osee, I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.
Adapted from arguments on another Baptist forum:
http://www.baptistsymposium.com/for...-pharaun-is-unconditional-election-scriptural