In 1895 his
Atlanta compromise called for avoiding confrontation over segregation and instead putting more reliance on long-term educational and economic advancement in the black community. His base was the
Tuskegee Institute, a state college for blacks in Alabama. As the threat of lynching reached a peak in 1895, Washington gave a speech in Atlanta that made him nationally famous. The speech called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship. His message was that now was not the time to challenge
Jim Crow segregation and the
disfranchisement of blacks voters in the South. Washington mobilized a nationwide coalition of middle class blacks, church leaders, and white philanthropists and politicians, with a long-term goal of building the community's economic strength and pride by a focus on self-help and schooling. Secretly, he supported court challenges to segregation. Black militants in the North, led by
W.E.B. DuBois, at first supported the
Atlanta Compromise but after 1909 set up the
NAACP and tried to challenge Washington's political machine for leadership in the black community. Decades after Washington's death in 1915, the
Civil Rights movement generally moved away from his policies to take the more militant NAACP approach.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker_T._Washington