Stilllearning,
Your comment on Matt. 24:9:
'From the context in this chapter, I would say that here, Jesus is talking about the 144,000 Jews, that will be targeted by the anti-Christ, during the 2nd half of the tribulation period.'
Jesus said to the disciples, "Ye", "You" find 21 times in context of chapter 24, is not just focus on the "Jews" only, remember disciples were Christians and Christ's followers. Same as we are Christians & Christ's followers. Clearly this chapter is given message to all Christians both Jews and Gentiles.
The context of Matt. 24:4-14 covers this present age from Early Church to the end of the age at second advent. Matt. 24:9 already happening long time ago since Early Christians were suffering and killed by persecutions. Even, also Matt. 24:9 apply to us of present age that anyone of us who is faithful and serve the Lord are suffering the persecutions over the world. Many Christains are already suffering by Muslims in Middle East. Matt. 24:9 is now currently effect upon Church will be continue till the end of this present age follow at Christ's coming.
Your comment on Matt. 24:13:
'Thoese that endure to the end (in this passage) are those Jews that survive the tribulation (Those Jews who do not worship the anti-Christ, and are killed by him!)'
Matthew 24:13 is not limited to the Jews only in such as squeeze into limited time of so called, "seven year of Tribulation period". Matt. 24:13 apply to both Jews and Gentiles Christians of all ages that Christ tells us, anyone do is endure till to the end shall be saved.
Of course, OldRegular will not agree with me on Matt. 24:13. Because he believes in security salvation(because, himself is Calvinist).
Matt. 24:13 is talking about anyone who is facing trials, persecutions, they have to patience with them, and endure them till their death or Lord comes, then their souls shall be saved. (Most believe this speaking of their physical body shall be saved at Second Advent). But, this telling us very clear about our souls that we must endure throughout all our life while facing problems, trials, tibulations, and persecutions, do not quit or give up in the midst of them, we must be endure till we die, or Lord comes, then our souls shall be saved. That means, if we quit in the midst of trails, tribulations, and turn back to world again, and we die without being endure then, we shall not be saved, shall be end up in everlasting fire.
By the way, I agree with your comment on Matt. 24:40,42, Matt. 24:28; and Luke 17:34-37. You are right, these are not speaking of rapture, as what Tim LaHaye's popular novel book - "Left Behind" interpreting that, 'took away' which represents Christians is 'raptured', as 'left behind' represent unsaved will be left on earth to faced so called, "seven year of Tribulation period".
Matt. 24:40-42 speaking of these people who are not watch and ready shall be end up as "thief" for their everlasting destruction-cast awya into everlatsing fire.
I understand Matt. 24:28 of "eagles' or "vulture" are represent as angels. When Christ comes, he shall send angels to gathering all nations with supernatural power of force. All angelks will fly down to grab all unsaved people over the world, who are not watch and ready shall be end up as "thief", to cast their souls away into everlasting fire.
Matt. 24:40-42; Luke 17:34-37 both are focus on Second Adevent, the same event.
Nowhere in Matthew 24 gives us the hint that, there is another "secert coming" or "rapture" will be occur 3 1/2 or 7 years earlier prior "His coming". The whole context of chapter 24 always focus on one future coming shall be follow at the end of this present age/wolrd.
Your comment on Matt. 24:31:
'I would have to say, from the context of the rest of this chapter, that this is talking about the all those who had been chosen for salvation, during the tribulation.'
Earlier, I told you in this post that "you", "ye" find 21 times in context of chapter 24 is apply to us as Christians both Jews and Gentiles. Matt. 24:31 is not limited for Jews of "Tribulation period" only, also, it apply to all Christians all over the world shall be gathering together as it refers with 1 Thess. 4:15-17; and 2 Thess. 2:1.
Aren't we the elect of God according to Colossians 3:12 "Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels, of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, long-suffering;"? How about 1 Peter 1:2? And how about good verse - 1 Peter 2:9 "But
ye are a CHOSEN generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a peculiar people: that ye should show forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvelous light:"? 1 Peter 2:9 is a very clear written to Christians both Jews and Gentiles that we were chosen by God, and we were called out. Notice word, church in Greek word - 'Ekklesia', means "called out". Obivously, 1 Peter 2:9 was written to the Church.
Matt. 24:31 tells us that all Christians over the world shall be gathering together up in the air same with 1 Thess. 4:15-17; 1 Cor. 15:51-54; and 2 Thess. 2:1 too. That shall be follow AFTER tribulation - Matt. 24:29.
Matthew 24 doesn't saying that rapture will be before Tribulation. Christ tells us that we must go through tribulations first before He comes to gathering us together in the air.
In Christ
Rev. 22:20 -Amen!