Since you evidently want to get this conversation started back up all of the sudden, I thought I would give a brief reminder of the material you asked for but did not acknowledge. While at it, I made some improvements.
Doubting Thomas said:
I would submit, however, that based on the testimony of Scriptures, and the universal belief of the early church, that one cannot truly be having faith in Christ if one refuses to be baptized.
Darron Steele said:
If you or anyone else wants to posit that a person who
a) knows rightly of baptism, and
b) refuses to be baptized
is a rebel against Jesus Christ, I will `amen' you `til the cows come home.' I will go further: I am opposed to arguing unwilling people into baptism pools; baptism in the Name of Jesus Christ is a privilege, and befitting only for His followers.
JSM17 said:
That is great and I agree.
You do not really agree. See below.
JSM17 said:
But what is the specific purpose of water baptism according to scripture? Verses and application would be nice. Here is one:
Acts 22:16
16 And now why are you waiting? Arise and be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord.'
NKJV
Saul believed on the road, yet was still in sin because it was not until three days later after prayer and fasting that Ananias tells Saul to be baptized, and wash away his sins. ....
but not necessarily by being baptized:
the 1560 English Geneva Bible in its 1602 revision: "Arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sinnes, in calling on the Name of the Lord" (GenB)
the 1568 English Bishops’ Bible: “aryse, & be baptized, & wasshe away thy sinnes, in calling on the name of the Lorde” (BishB).
Paul would "wash away" his sins by "calling on the Name of the Lord."
Also: Paul did not believe yet. One thing was missing: he had not yet done "calling on the name of the Lord." THAT is how he would wash his sins away, at least literally. Based upon how Jews viewed conversion baptism among them, I suspect Paul's baptism was to symbolize his washing away of his prior life of sin. Ancient Jews saw conversion baptism as `washing away' prior life** -- see below.
Paul had the Lord part of Jesus; he did not yet have the Savior part. Paul had not yet appealed to Jesus Christ for salvation.
So to say that he believed is not correct. He did not yet fully believe on Jesus Christ.
After he learned the fullness of what needs to be believed about Jesus Christ, then and only then was it appropriate to baptize him.
Jesus did not tell us to baptize non-Christians -- but that is exactly what your position would require. That is why you do not really agree with what you assented to above. If people are not Christians before they arise from baptism, then we baptize non-Christians.
This was not to be, according to Jesus Christ. Jesus said in Matthew 28:19-20
“Go, therefore, and make disciples of all the nations|. Baptize them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Teach them to obey everything that I have taught you” (NASB|NCV).
Jesus told us to "baptize them" and "them" is the "disciples" that we make. Your idea that no one is a Christian until s/he comes up after baptism is contrary to this verse, because in your position, we baptize non-Christians.
If you are right, then there would be no way to do as Jesus said.
In the thought of American culture, baptism means far less than it did in the Bible. In the New Testament-era world, the term "baptism" meant more than a submersion in water. When we see "baptize" or "baptism" in Scripture we need to see those additional meanings with those words too.
In the New Testament-era world, baptism was nothing new. Judaism practiced it. It is not prescribed in Scripture, but they were baptizing converts. This was a practice Christianity picked up and adapted.
Ancient Jews saw convert baptism as showing entrance to a new life* and `washing away’ of prior life to match earlier conversion.** The people who were baptized were already considered converts. The Talmud at Yebamoth 47a-b says male converts were circumcised then baptized; passages such as Galatians 2:9 indicate that one was a Jew at circumcision. A baptized convert to Judaism was a Jew when he was baptized.
The first Christians were Jews and stayed Jews. Baptism retained those meanings. A new Christian is a Christian when s/he is baptized. That is precisely the primary meaning of baptism in the Name of Jesus Christ: we show that we have left our old lives behind and have converted to Jesus Christ.
You can see it in Romans 6:3-5
“Or do you not know that all of us who have been baptized | in | Christ Jesus have been baptized | in-the | His death? |Of result that| we have been buried with Him through baptism | in-the | death, so that as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too might walk in newness of life. For if we have become united | in-the| likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be | in-the| likeness of His resurrection”^*
After baptism, we are expected to "walk in newness of life" -- having left our pre-conversion lives behind.
We identify with Jesus Christ in baptism. Notice that baptism is "in-the similarity of the" His death and His resurrection. We follow His death and resurrection in the water.
The meaning of baptism is what it was in the New Testament era, and that is its purpose. The purpose: to show ourselves converts to following Jesus Christ, to show that we have left our pre-conversion lives behind, and to identify ourselves as followers Jesus Christ.
_____
* E. J. Bicknell article in Gore, et al, A New Commentary on Holy Scripture, New Testament page 335.
** So That’s Why! Bible, page 1287.
^*NASB with |”in” = ARA “em” translated, “in-the” = ARA “na” translated, “Of result that” = AEC “De sorte que” translated|.