Galatians 3 is addressed to believers who have already received the Spirit (vv 2-5), and Paul is explaining that living a righteous life and inheriting God's promises is not accomplished by keeping the law (as Jewish legalists were arguing at the time), but by faith.
"Wherefore then serveth the law? It was added because of transgressions... if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law." [Galatians 3:19, 21]
Obedience under the law resulted in physical life and blessing, not soul salvation. Ezekiel 18 makes this clear.
Paul was quoting Leviticus 18:5. He was contrasting law and faith.
the law is NOT of faith. And indeed, Ezekiel makes it clear that the question was one of
spiritual life,
not just physical life.
The word soul or souls shows up 6 times in that chapter:
Eze 18:4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.
Eze 18:20 The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.
Eze 18:27 Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.
Now compare the following 3 verses which speak of the soul dying.:
It is the
soul that lives or die. God did not say “the flesh”, or “the man”, or “the body”. To be just, we must point-out that in the O.T., before the spiritual circumcision made possible by the resurrection of Christ, the soul and the body were fused, so that the death of a soul of a living man was also the death of his body. But it was nevertheless a death of the soul as well. This is not the threat of bodily death only, it is the threat of soulish death as well. This is confirmed by the fact that Ezekiel said that that soul would die
in his sin (3:20, 24; 18:24) and
in his iniquity (3:18, 19; 18:18, 26) and
in his trespass (18:24), and Paul described
lost souls as dead
in trespasses and sins (Eph.2:1).
If God had been addressing the Jews concerning
physical death and life
exclusively, why did he conclude the chapter with
make you a new heart and a new spirit (v.31)?! Those are expressions of salvation of one’s soul, not body, as he had been saying all along. The Lord Jesus Christ spoke of dying in one’s sins as a damnation of the soul (John 8:21, 24).
There it is a result of
unbelief, but
here it is a result of
works. A total of
17 works [including
hath taken off his hand from the poor (v.17)] are listed in the passage and they are called
duties in v.11.
No one can argue that
in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live (v.22) is exclusively a reference to a long and good physical life on earth and not a reference to salvation as well:
Luk 10:25 And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? Luk 10:26 He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? Luk 10:27 And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself. Luk 10:28 And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live.
Christ’s words
thou shalt live (v.28) is a direct answer concerning obtaining
eternal life (v.25); and that’s the salvation of one’s soul! Christ himself told the lawyer that his obtaining
eternal life was dependent on what the lawyer would
do (v.28)!
Ezekiel 18:22 above is a quasi-replica of Leviticus 18:5 and Paul takes Leviticus 18:5 – and therefore Ezekiel 18:22 – as a doctrine to be set in opposition to New Testament salvation by faith!
You’ve seen how Ezekiel 18 opposes Pauline doctrine, but see now how it matches Jacobine [James’] doctrine:
Since Paul differs from Ezekiel, and Ezekiel matches James, we now expect Pauline doctrine to be in opposition to Jacobine doctrine, and indeed it is:
Moreover, if this promise of life were merely one of a long physical life on earth – as opposed to a promise of salvation – then the reference to the commandment to honour one’s parents is conspicuously absent,
(which is the first commandment with promise ; ) That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth (Eph.6:2). Certainly the fifth commandment is included within
hath walked in my statutes (v.9) but just as certainly God had a reason for specifying a sin such as not coming
near to a menstruous woman (v.6) yet not the commandment to honour one’s father and mother; that reason being that the warning extended beyond the mere loss of long bodily life on the earth – it was one of eternal judgment on the soul.
Salvation by grace through faith without the works of the law is only a true doctrine during the church age. Under the law, and in the tribulation, and in the millennial kingdom, salvation was and will again be by faith and works.