Augustine’s View of Election
Augustine in the following excerpt describes his acceptance of the Word of God as truth.
For though I took no pains to learn what he spake, but only to hear how he spake (for that empty care alone was left me, despairing of a way open for man to Thee); yet together with the words which I would choose, came also into my mind the things which I would refuse; for I could not separate them. And while I opened my heart to admit “how eloquently he spake,” there also entered “how truly he spake”; but this by degrees. (The Confessions, Book V, Chapter XIV)
Here we see that Augustine opened his own heart to admit something attractive about the Word of God, but gradually accepted the truth of the Word of God. No one comes to Jesus unless that Father, through his word, draws him. Unless we accept the truth of God, we will not be open to the gospel.
Next, Augustine describes the convicting effect of God’s Word.
It was pleasing in Thy sight to reform my deformities; and by inward goads didst Thou rouse me, that I should be ill at ease until Thou wert manifested to my inward sight. Thus, by secret hand of Thy medicining, was my swelling abated and the troubled and bedimmed eyesight of my mind by the smarting anointings of healthful sorrows was by day to day healed. (The Confessions, Book VII, Chapter VIII)
And finally, Augustine embraces Jesus, accepting the milk provided for his infant state.
And I sought a way of acquiring strength sufficient to enjoy Thee; but I found it not until I embraced that "mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus," "who is over all, God blessed forever," calling unto me and saying, "I am the way, the truth and the life”…. (The Confessions, Book VII, Chapter XVIII)
In looking back upon this experience, Augustine points to election as follows:
Whatsoever persons are through the riches of divine grace exempted from the original sentence of condemnation are undoubtedly brought to hear the Gospel, and when hearing they are caused to believe it, and are made likewise to endure to the end in the faith which works by love. And should they at any time go astray, they are recovered and set right again.
In this passage, Augustine does not say how we are brought to hear the gospel, but in his own words above he was attracted by pride, he wanted to learn to be eloquent, and listened to the Word of God, accepting His truth. Paul wrote that some might be moved by jealousy to listen to the gospel. The Bible says our understanding of our sinful nature through the law leads us to Christ. No one comes to Jesus unless drawn by the Father.
Augustine, in “The Confessions” (Book II, Part 14) says that our perverted soul seeks both that which is not pure and that which is untainted. One we attain and one we do not. In conclusion, he asks rhetorically, “Could I like what I might not, only because I might not?” The Bible says no one comes to Jesus unless drawn by the Father and it seems Augustine was drawn by God’s perfection as revealed in His Word. To be compelled by the power of felicity, by our strivings for happiness, toward that which is good is to be compelled by a natural inclination of man, perverted as it may be.
In summary, from “The Confessions” (Book IX, Part 1) Augustine reflects upon his conversion, indicating that he was a sinner in deed, in word, and in will, but that his freewill was called forth for a moment, and he submitted his neck to the yoke of Christ. Then Christ reached down by his hand and tossed the torment of slavery to sin out – what sweetness. (It should be noted that Saint Augustine wrote this in praise of God upon the passing of his mother.)
Augustine thought that God was the author of our faith, based in part on 1 Corinthians 4:7 which says in part, “What do you have that you did not receive? But if you did receive it, why do you boast as if you had not received it?” Going past the obvious, that God sent His Son to reveal His salvation and hence is the author of the information we accept as our faith, does it necessarily follow that our act of faith was given us, or might only our capacity to engage in an act of faith be what we received from God?
And how are we caused to believe? By the convicting power of the gospel.
Augustine, in rejecting the false doctrine that we are able to do good things and earn salvation, indicated that he believed that faith was given to some but not to others such that God predestined each individual salvation.
"Faith, therefore, from its beginning to its perfection is the gift of God. And that this gift is bestowed on some and not on others, who will deny but he who would fight against the most manifest testimonies of the Scripture? But why faith is not given to all ought not to concern the believer, who knows that all men by the sin of one came into just condemnation. But why God delivers one from condemnation and not another belongs to His inscrutable judgments. And 'His ways are past finding out.' And if it be investigated and inquired how it is that each receiver of faith is deemed of God worthy to receive such a gift, there are not wanting those who will say, 'It is by their human will.' But we say that it is by grace, or Divine predestination."
This is slightly off the mark. God does not consider us worthy of salvation because we hear the call of God. God does not consider us worthy because we respond to the call of God. God grants grace to those whose faith in Christ He credits as righteousness because that is His predestined plan. Whoever believes in Him, shall not perish but have eternal life.
Augustine thought “chosen in Him” meant we were chosen individually before the foundation of the world and hence our faith was predestined. But Augustine was wrong because we were chosen corporately in Him and not individually before the foundation of the world was laid. Christ was chosen before the foundation of the world, 1 Peter 1:20, and therefore anyone subsequently redeemed by Him, was chosen in Him before the foundation of the world as part of a foreseen corporate group, the body of Christ, the Church but not as foreseen individuals.
The question you should ask to discern individual election for salvation is what about when the Bible says God chose us, without adding “in Him”, which refers to our corporate election.
2 Thessalonians 2:13-14 says, “But we should always give thanks to God for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God has chosen you from the beginning for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit, and faith in the truth, and it was for this that He called you through our gospel that you might gain the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.”
How did God choose you? What method did he establish from the beginning? Through sanctification by the Spirit, meaning God sets you apart by baptizing you into the body of Christ, and (2) by accepting your faith in the truth after calling you with the gospel.
Matthew 22:14 says, “For many are called but few are chosen.” Jesus was teaching, using the parable of the wedding guests, that some reject the gospel and so others must be invited, everyone that we can find. However, since some show up at the wedding not clothed in righteousness, having never been chosen based on faith, they miss out on grace and are tossed into the outer darkness. Clearly, the King looks at the response to the message and makes a judgment to either grant grace or punishment. This again reveals that we are chosen individually during our lifetime.
Mark 13:20 says that at the end of the age, “for the sake of the elect whom He chose” the days of tribulation shall be shorted. So here looking back from the end of time, the elect had been chosen individually, and not as an unrealized group in Christ.
Luke 18:7 indicates His elect (His chosen) cry out to Him, again fitting the pattern that when chosen is used without “in Christ” it indicates an individual choice during the lifetime of the believer.
1 Peter 1:1-2 says in part, “… who are chosen according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, by the sanctifying work of the Spirit that you may obey Jesus Christ and be sprinkled with His blood….”
Here we seen that we are chosen according the predetermined plan to put believers in Christ. And again, mirroring 1 Thess 2:13-14, we see that we are put (chosen individually) in Christ by the sanctifying work of the Spirit.
Biblical election is a simple and straightforward doctrine once you set aside the inferences of such great men as Augustine and Calvin whose understanding of election was partially flawed.