The “flesh” is the part of all human beings that makes them subject to temptation. Even Jesus, in His humanity, had His flesh to deal with (Rom. 1:3; Matt. 4:1). Moreover, all human beings, with the single exception of Jesus, have at one time or another yielded to temptation and thus have sinned. The Greek word used in the New Testament for this ‘flesh’ is σάρξ. Persons whose lifestyle is predominately characterized by the flesh are properly said to be “carnal.” The Greek word used in the New Testament for ‘carnal is σαρκικός, the cognate adjective of the noun σάρξ. However, persons whose lifestyle is predominately characterized by the spirit are properly said to be “spiritual.” The Greek word used in the New Testament for ‘spiritual is πνευματικός, the cognate adjective of the noun πνεῦμα.
I Cor. 3:1-3, Paul writes,
1. Κἀγώ, ἀδελφοί, οὐκ ἠδυνήθην λαλῆσαι ὑμῖνὡς πνευματικοῖς ἀλλʼ ὡς σαρκίνοις, ὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ.
2. γάλα ὑμᾶς ἐπότισα, οὐ βρῶμα· οὔπω γὰρ ἐδύνασθε, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ ἔτι νῦν δύνασθε,
3. ἔτι γὰρ σαρκικοί ἐστε, ὅπου γὰρ ἐν ὑμῖν ζῆλος καὶ ἔρις, οὐχὶ σαρκικοί ἐστε καὶ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε;
1. And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual people but as to carnal, as to babes in Christ.
2. I fed you with milk and not with solid food; for until now you were not able to receive it, and even now you are still not able;
3. for you are still carnal. For where there are envy, strife, and divisions among you, are you not carnal and behaving like mere men? (KJV)
When the New Testament text of the KJV was revised in 1881 (the Revised Version), the use of the English word “carnal” was retained,
1. And I, brethren, could not speak unto you as unto spiritual, but as unto carnal, as unto babes in Christ.
2. I fed you with milk, not with meat; for ye were not yet able to bear it: nay, not even now are ye able;
3. for ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you jealousy and strife, are ye not carnal, and walk after the manner of men? (RV)
The use of the English word “carnal” was also retained in the American Edition (the American Standard Version) of the RV,
1. And I, brethren, could not speak unto you as unto spiritual, but as unto carnal, as unto babes in Christ.
2. I fed you with milk, not with meat; for ye were not yet able to bear it: nay, not even now are ye able;
3. for ye are yet carnal: for whereas there is among you jealousy and strife, are ye not carnal, and do ye not walk after the manner of men? (ASV)
However, when the New Testament text of the KJV was further revised in 1971, the English word “carnal” was replaced by “men of the flesh” in v. 1, and by “of the flesh” in v 3,
1. BUT I, brethren, could not address you as spiritual men, but as men of the flesh, as babes in Christ.
2. I fed you with milk, not solid food; for you were not ready for it; and even yet you are not ready,
3. for you are still of the flesh. For while there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not of the flesh, and behaving like ordinary men? (RSV, 1971)
The independent New American Standard Bible similarly updated the language,
1. And I, brethren, could not speak to you as to spiritual men, but as to men of flesh, as to infants in Christ.
2. I gave you milk to drink, not solid food; for you were not yet able to receive it. Indeed, even now you are not yet able,
3. for you are still fleshly. For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not fleshly, and are you not walking like mere men? (NASB, 1995)
The English word “flesh” comes from the Old High German; the English word “carnal” comes from the Latin. The English word “carnal” is an adjective meaning related to or given to the flesh—the part of all human beings that makes them subject to temptation. The people addressed in 1 Corinthians are Christians; therefore the Bible expressly teaches in 1 Cor. 3:1-3 that some Christians are carnal.