For example, The Doctrines of Grace are shown in the Old Testament from this
Google AI Overview;
"The Doctrines of Grace, often associated with
Calvinism (TULIP), are indeed reflected in the Old Testament,
showcasing God's sovereign grace in salvation history long before the New Testament.
"While the explicit articulation of these doctrines may be more prominent in later theological systems,
the Old Testament reveals God's gracious actions and character, laying the foundation for these core theological concepts.
"Here's a breakdown of how the Old Testament demonstrates the Doctrines of Grace:
"1. Total Depravity/Radical Corruption: The Old Testament consistently portrays humanity's sinfulness and fallen nature,
highlighting their inability to save themselves. From the Fall in Genesis to the repeated cycles of rebellion and judgment in Israel's history,
the Old Testament reveals a pervasive human tendency toward sin and separation from God.
- Example:
The story of Adam and Eve in Genesis 3 demonstrates the consequences of sin and humanity's inherent inclination toward disobedience.
- Example:
The repeated accounts of Israel's idolatry and unfaithfulness throughout the Old Testament
- underscore their inability to consistently obey God's law.
"2. Unconditional Election/Sovereign Choice:
The Old Testament shows God choosing specific individuals and nations for his purposes, often apart from any merit on their part.
This election is based solely on God's sovereign will and grace, not on any foreseen good works or qualities.
- Example:
"God's choice of Abraham as the father of his chosen people, the Israelites, and his subsequent covenant with him, demonstrates God's sovereign election.
- Example:
"God's selection of David, a young shepherd, to be king over Israel, despite his humble origins and his brothers' perceived qualifications, highlights God's sovereign choice.
"3. Definite Atonement/Particular Redemption: While the concept of a universal atonement is also present, the Old Testament foreshadows the idea that Christ's sacrifice would specifically secure the salvation of the elect. Sacrificial systems in the Old Testament point to the need for atonement for sin, and God's provision of atonement through the death of animals foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ for his chosen people.
- Example:
"The Passover lamb, whose blood protected the Israelites from the angel of death, symbolizes the substitutionary sacrifice that would later be fulfilled by Christ.
- Example:
"The scapegoat, which symbolically bore the sins of the people, points towards the future reality of Christ taking the sins of his people upon himself.
"
4. "Irresistible Grace/Effectual Calling: The Old Testament reveals instances where God's grace powerfully and effectively calls individuals to himself, overcoming their resistance and bringing them into relationship with him.
- Example:
"God's call to prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah, and their subsequent obedience, even in the face of opposition, demonstrates God's powerful work in their lives.
- Example:
"The conversion of Saul to Paul, a fierce persecutor of Christians, to a devoted apostle, showcases God's irresistible grace.
"5. Perseverance of the Saints/Preservation: The Old Testament shows God's faithfulness in preserving his people, even when they falter and sin. This preservation is not based on their own merits but on God's unwavering covenant love and faithfulness.
- Example:
"God's continued covenant with Israel despite their repeated rebellions demonstrates his faithfulness and preservation of his chosen people.
- Example:
"God's promise to preserve a remnant of Israel through exile and restoration highlights his commitment to his people.
"Therefore, while the Old Testament may not explicitly use the language of "Doctrines of Grace" or "TULIP", it provides a rich tapestry of narratives and theological insights that form the foundation for these core Reformed doctrines."