The answer to these three questions: 1. No one 2. No 3. Nowhere
1. Um, Augustine...?
2. Clement of Alexandria (150-215):...rather the one Testament in different times by the will of the one God, through one Lord—those already ordained, whom God predestinated, knowing before the foundation of the world that they would be righteous.
Origen: “Our free will…or human nature is not sufficient to seek God in any manner.”
Barnabas (A.D. 70): “We are elected to hope, committed by God unto faith, appointed to salvation.”
Irenaeus (A.D. 198): “God hath completed the number which He before determined with Himself, all those who are written, or ordained unto eternal life…Being predestined indeed according to the love of the Father that we would belong to Him forever.”
Tertullian (A.D. 200): “Do you think, O men, that we should ever have been able to have understood these things in the Scriptures unless by the will of Him that wills all things, we had received grace to understand them?…But by this it is plain, that [faith] is not given to thee by God, because thou dost not ascribe it to Him alone.”
Athanasius (A.D. 350): “To believe is not ours, or in our power, but the Spirit’s who is in us, and abides in us.”
Clement Of Rome (A.D. 69): “It is the will of God that all whom He loves should partake of repentance, and so not perish with the unbelieving and impenitent. He has established it by His almighty will. But if any of those whom God wills should partake of the grace of repentance, should afterwards perish, where is His almighty will? And how is this matter settled and established by such a will of His?”
Clement Of Alexandria (A.D. 190): “Such a soul [of a Christian] shall never at any time be separated from God…Faith, I say, is something divine, which cannot be pulled asunder by any other worldly friendship, nor be dissolved by present fear.”
Tertullian: “God forbid that we should believe that the soul of any saint should be drawn out by the devil…For what is of God is never extinguished.”
FROM THE ABOVE:
We can see that ascribing specific beliefs to the church fathers is difficult. And looking for a consensus among them is nearly impossible. The first there seems to be espousing the classic arminian "divine foreknowledge" view...and I have inserted a few others that seem to support a calvinistic view.
Now, of course you or me could easily find a bunch of quotes that oppose Unconditional Election and espouse the possibility of losing one's salvation...probably from some of the same people quoted above...the point is...
Church fathers will often contradict each other, and even themselves on occasion. One can find and ECF to support nearly any teaching, including some really bizarre stuff.
3. OT:
-God Chose Abraham from an idol worshiping people to know him and begin a new nation.
-God chose Israel not due to something good in them, but due to his own character (Duet 7:6-8, Deut 9).
-In choosing Israel, God was necessarily choosing the individuals within Israel to have a knowledge of him, and blessing from him, not enjoyed by the rest of the nations.