I believe you. I think Martin Luther was very opposed to priests being the only ones who drank the wine at Eucharist. But if some Catholic Churches provide the bread and the wine to the members, that is fantastic!
In Martin Luther's time it was usual for only the priests to partake of bread also.
Religious life in England centred around the Mass. It seems that in the early Church, all Christians had taken part in communion regularly. From the 6th Century, however, it became the custom for lay people to receive it only once or twice a year. The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) specified that all Christians should receive at least once a year, at Easter. In England, this was referred to as ‘taking one’s rights.’ But partaking at the mass was not the standard practice of the laity; usually the congregation merely watched the priest celebrate. Since the end of the 11th Century it had been the custom for the priest, having intoned the words “Hoc est meum corpus’ to raise the wafer above his head so that all the people could see and worship what the Church taught was the very body of Christ. Most parish churches would celebrate “high” or “sung mass” each week, in which singing would be involved and the congregation joined in with the clergy, though only the clergy usually partook of the elements. People would push and shove each other to get a seat at the front where they could get a seat toward the front and see the ‘host’ or wafer being raised. Low mass was celebrated every day. Here the only the parish priest took part, speaking the liturgy in a low voice and partaking of the elements himself. Yet still many parishioners would come to the church to see the host in the priest’s hand, rising up out of their seats to get a better look. In the larger churches, several masses might be celebrated one after another and a bell would be rung so that the laity might hurry from one to another. The martyrologist John Foxe recounted how the early Lollard priest William Thorpe was preaching at a church in Shrewsbury, when the ‘sacring bell’ was rung and many of his congregation ran past him to see the host being raised in another part of the church.
Protestant Archbishop Cranmer had seen this enthusiasm among the people early in his career. He asked rhetorically:
“What made the people to run from their seats to the altar, and from altar to altar……..peeping, tooting and gazing at that thing which the priest held in his hands, if they thought not to honour the thing which they saw? What moved the priests to lift up the sacrament so high up over their heads? Or the people to say to the priest, “Hold up! Hold up!”; or one man to say to another, “Stoop down before;” or to say, “This day I have seen my Maker;” and, “I cannot be quiet except I see my Maker once a day”? What was the cause of all these…….but that they worshipped that visible thing which they saw with their eyes and took it for very God?’ (cf. Deut.4:15).
The reason for the reluctance to partake of the bread and wine seems to have been dread of consuming the very body and blood of Christ unworthily. Safer by far to observe the ritual from a safe distance. There were those who insisted taking the elements regularly. Margery Kempe did so weekly and records that this was regarded by her neighbours as ostentation. Eamonn Duffy, a Roman Catholic historian, also mention a Lady Margaret Beaufort who received monthly and ‘even so was regarded as something of a prodigy.' As related, for the large majority, observance was once a year, at Easter, preceded by confession to a priest the week before.
The mass lay at the very heart of medieval Roman Catholicism. The prestige and power of the priesthood rested on the belief that they, and they alone, had the power to change the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ. To deny this was the ultimate heresy. It was the reason for which all the English martyrs from the earliest Lollards to the victims of the Marian persecution were burned. When Margery Kempe’s ostentatious piety put her under suspicion of heresy, she was investigated by the Abbot of Leicester and required to state her orthodoxy, which she did as follows:
‘Sirs, I believe in the sacrament of the altar in this wise, that whatever man has taken the order of priesthood, be he never so vicious a man in his behaviour, yet if he say duly the words over the bread that our Lord Jesus Christ said when he made his Maunday Mass [ie, at the Last Supper]
, I believe that it is his very flesh and his blood and not material bread, not may it ever be unsaid once it is said.'
So no matter how evil the life and manner of an individual priest might be; no matter how great a rogue the Bishop who ordained him, once ordained, he held the power to summon up the bodily presence of the Lord Jesus Christ, and to deny this was the greatest heresy. Indeed, the greatest enthusiasm was expected of all at the celebration of the mass. Duffy writes,
‘Holding up of the hands and the more or less audible recitation of elevation prayers at the sacring was a gesture expected of everyone; refusal or omission was a frequent cause of the detection of the Lollards. And the refusal of such gestures might be held to exclude one from the human community, since they excluded one from the church…..’
To encourage belief in this doctrine of ‘Transubstantiation,’ special catechisms and didactic poems were composed for the congregation to learn. For example:
‘It seems white and is red,
It is alive and seems dead,
It is flesh and seems bread;
It is one and seems two,
It is God’s body and no more.’
To which the Lollards replied:
'The farmer grew it; the baker cooked it, and it is not God.' There is something very idolatrous in declaring that a piece of bread is really God.
[From my blog:
The People’s Reformation (2)]