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Foreknowledge, Foreknown, Predestined

ReformedBaptist

Well-Known Member
Amy.G said:
RB, what do mean by the boldened part?

God offers salvation universally to "all" but will not draw "all" in order that they might be saved?

Why offer salvation to someone who you never intend on giving it to?

Confused.

This is usually the question that comes up regarding particular redemption and effectual calling. If God has foreordained the salvation of many, why does He command all to repent and believe the Gospel? Wouldn't this make His commandment insincere?

The answer of course, has to be no. So, there is either something wrong with the doctrine or with our understanding. The first thing I do in such cases is look to the Bible to see if the doctrine is true. Why? Because I don't want to reject the truth of God because I can't understand it. Are these things "effectual calling" and this "universal calling" taught in Scripture? Or another way of asking is, Does call universally call everyone without exception to repentance and faith, and then by the word of God effectually call (an inward calling) many so that such will certainly repent and believe the Gospel?

Or another way of asking is, are there many called but few chosen?

I don't want to answer the question for you. If you are goign to believe these things from a "calvinist" theology so to speak, I would want you to find them in Scripture. Perhaps my questions can help you look in Scripture for the truth.
 

skypair

Active Member
ReformedBaptist said:
Your going to have to explain this. I do not follow.
Since regeneration precedes faith but since there's no proof that it brings immediate faith, it could be lost and gained again and you wouldn't know it.

I am saying that man left in his natural, unregenerate state, apart from the influence of God upon him, cannot and will not (of his own free moral agency) repent and believe on the Lord Jesus Christ.
That's yet to be proven with scripture. I find in 1Cor 2:1-6 and 15:1-3 that they can. I find in Acts where they have. Where do you find that they can't?

skypair
 

ReformedBaptist

Well-Known Member
Since regeneration precedes faith but since there's no proof that it brings immediate faith, it could be lost and gained again and you wouldn't know it.

I suppose you guys can believe about us whatever you like. If I have ever been on record that a man is saved by God apart from repentence and faith then bear witness of it.

That's yet to be proven with scripture. I find in 1Cor 2:1-6 and 15:1-3 that they can. I find in Acts where they have. Where do you find that they can't?

Skypair, I am not sure I can prove it to you from Scripture. That I can prove it from Scripture is easy. That I can prove it you I cannot do but by the grace of God working in you.

You put forth 3 Scriptures that are to teach us that man in an un-saved state, left to himself, has the power and ability to believe the Gospel without any aid from God at all. Am I understanding you correctly? I want to be sure before I proceed with the Scriptures you have provided, namely 1 Cor 2:1-6; 1 Cor 15:1-3 and the book of Acts.

RB
 

Bismarck

New Member
ReformedBaptist said:
I suppose you guys can believe about us whatever you like. If I have ever been on record that a man is saved by God apart from repentence and faith then bear witness of it.



Skypair, I am not sure I can prove it to you from Scripture. That I can prove it from Scripture is easy. That I can prove it you I cannot do but by the grace of God working in you.

You put forth 3 Scriptures that are to teach us that man in an un-saved state, left to himself, has the power and ability to believe the Gospel without any aid from God at all. Am I understanding you correctly? I want to be sure before I proceed with the Scriptures you have provided, namely 1 Cor 2:1-6; 1 Cor 15:1-3 and the book of Acts.

RB


Assertions:

(1) Fallen Man (as we all are), "left to himself" (apart from God), has z-e-r-o ability to turn to YHWH-God (in any meaningful, steadfast way)

(2) YHWH-God, by His Grace, and through His firstborn son Jesus Christ, is actively calling all men to Him (John 12:32)

(3) Thus "buoyed up" by God's Grace, Fallen Man is graciously empowered (by YHWH-God) with the ability to Believe the Gospel.


Analogy 1:

Believing the Gospel is like bench-pressing 4,000 lbs.

You cannot do so on your own.

But if YHWH-God, by His Grace, calls you to Him through his firstborn son Jesus Christ (John 12:32), and does the heavy lifting for you, you can*get on the bench-press and push the weights up and down (as long as, and only because, YHWH-God's Helping Hand is on the bar).


Analogy 2:

Believing the Gospel is like shooting a Bullseye at 4,000 yards.

Even with the best rifle, you cannot do so on your own. Your bullet will eventually veer off course, and fall short, and miss the target.

But if YHWH-God, by His Grace, guides your bullet, you can pick up the rifle, squeeze the trigger, and hit the mark (as long as, and only because, YHWH-God is guiding your aim and carrying your bullet along).



Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father has chosen gladly to give you the kingdom.
Luke 12:32


In short, I am arguing (essentially) that YHWH-God's "regenerative Grace" has already (John 12:32) been extended to all mankind — because YHWH-God has chosen to do so, by His Grace, and even despite Fallen Man's putrid & unworthy unholinesses.


I would like to try to defend this position Scripturally, to see how well it holds together.
 

Allan

Active Member
ReformedBaptist said:
I mean it in the best possible light, Gospel. It means to me that I regard you as saved and orthodox in the faith. By arminian I only use as a matter of convience to make the difference between a calvinist. The term non-calvinist is too general.
Ok, I didn't figure you meant anything other than good. I just wanted to make sure.
I understand about trying appropriate a type of label so as to better siginify to what we are addressing. But remember that Arminian is a system of theology just as Calvinism is and it has it's specific beliefs of which I do not agree with.

In the same breath, within the scope of your own theology, how can God make the offer of salvation to those whom He foreknew would not accept it? The "harden not your heart" falls within the scope of the universal, general call to salvation.
And yet in the same breath you also state God is making a general call (to repentance and salvation) to them who will not respond.
So then it is pointless for Paul to even make the statement of "harden not your heart" since Paul KNOWS they can do nothing BUT Harden their hearts (because it is the will of God) or that they can do nothing but Relent to God (because it is the will of God).
I don't believe (based on my studies of scripture) there are two types of 'calls' found in the scripture.
So I am merely acknowledging what I beleive scripture states regarding God truely offering savlation even to those He knows will not accept it (like 2 Thes 2 - they received not the love of the truth that they might be saved).
God does not only do good to those who will love him back, nor does He love only those who will love Him in return. (granted there IS a distinction in the 'type' of love given but God loves them none the less)
Luk 6:33 And if ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye? for sinners also do even the same.
This verse speaks of 'us' with regard to us being in the likeness of our Father:
Luk 6:27 ¶ But I say unto you which hear, Love your enemies, do good to them which hate you,
Luk 6:28 Bless them that curse you, and pray for them which despitefully use you. ...

Luk 6:35 But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and [to] the evil.
Luk 6:36 Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful.
Is God greater or equal to fallen man?
Obvious Answer: Greater and by far. For if fallen man will only do good to those who will do good back, how much greater is God who will do good even to those who will not recieve it nor give it back. As God's children we are to become like He is (as see above), and as Christ's disciples we are to be like He is. See below:
Luk 6:40 The disciple is not above his master: but every one that is perfect shall be as his master. - KJV

or

"A pupil is not above his teacher; but everyone, after he has been fully trained, will be like his teacher. - NASV
It can even be said that 'we' as the Church bride are to be even as He (our husband) is.

The means are not destroyed by the certainty of the end.
Agreed.
Irresistable is a poor use of languge to fit an acronymn. Effectual would be better.
I don't agree that 'effectual' is any different than 'irresistable' according to the soveriegn dotrices of grace.
Both imply that it is God by grace which compels us to be saved. Yet grace compels nothing but extends something (favor) to one/those who does not deserve it.
That extention is not a compultion to receive that which grace is offering (Gospel call) to the person. That is also why grace is the means of the Gospel call and that call is the offering of a 'gift' of salvation according to scripture that is only received "By Faith". A gift does not have to be received when it is offered yet offered a 'gift' must be regardless of intent of the recipient.

IMHO - To state that grace is 'effectual' seems to miss the very meaning and scope of what grace is - an offer thus it is seen as synonomous with the Gospel or Good news. This offer isn't limited and thus the General Call. Therefore, IMO it appears that grace is more a subjective matter (regarding effectual) rather than objective.

Indeed, God will bring to Himself by His means those whom He foreknew. But this seems to leave out foreordained. It's not merely that God foreknew, as in knowledge. But also foreordained.
It might 'seem to' but it does not since nothing could come into existence that God did not foreordain to exist and be as He foreknew.

NOTE: Foreknew is not about 'looking into the future' but that God knows already the future, present, and past - all at once. It is that God knew and not so much as our discriptor of a time period when it was known - fore. To state that God knew because He pre-determined what each man will do puts that person in a very unbilbical position of God (though logical) making men act both glorious and wicked, righteous and sinful. So that their actions are squarely and singularly done because of God making man to want to do them. Man would then have no responsiblity and be punished because that was his intended purpose from the outset of why God created him - to endure Eternal torments for doing exactly as God made him to. Not even you agree with that as far as I know.

What is surprising to me is that those who teach men are elected because God foreknew they would believe don't see the problem they pose to calvinists in their own theology. If God knew ahead of time who would believe then their belief is as certain and unchangeable as one whom could would foreordain to salvation. Our use of foreknowledge deals with God's infallible knowledge. He is all-knowing.
Agreed, He IS all-knowing. But No, it causes no problems whatsoever. We acknowledge and fully agree that in Gods knowing who will and will not believe and that Gods knowledge of it is unchangable or certain. Yet that knowledge is in accordance with the rest of the plan of God of HOW He determined salvation to come (through faith), and how that faith would come (The Gospel or Word of God), and how that Word would come into being when men seperated from God are deserving of His wrath (by Grace).

Open theists realizing this have gone into heresy and impugned the foreknowledge of God. Calvinists contend against the idea because to them it is contrary to Scripture when we learn the "why" of GOd's election being His own good purpose (foreordination) and not because of something He foresaw in man.
Calvinists are not the only ones who contend against Open Theists my friend.
It is a true statement that God chose according to His good purpose (foreordain) and not because of something he foresaw in man.
For Man by himself and left to himself has nothing redeeming in himself because Man would be the very object of his own salvation and therefore wholely unworthy.

Therefore it by the grace of God man is revealed even in nature and his conscience any truths of God. It is by the grace of God that He reveals to man he has nothing worthy in and of himself to 'offer' to God in exchange for salvation (works), and then continuing in grace, God reveals the very object of God's salvation to and for man - the Man Christ Jesus (who has done all the works). This Man can now 'potentially' be saved (with regard to knowing biblical truth) because he sees he can not be the object of his own salvation but that Christ Jesus 'the gift of God' is only one worthy to be that object for his/mans salvation. Therefore 'faith' in His or Christ's work unto our salvation is what saves. Faith is not a work (Rom 4:4-5) but it receives that work another has already done on our behalf.

God's foreknowledge includes this otherwise God is not truly all-knowing. Especially since the scriptures attest that those who are condemned have been so condemned by their rejection of the truth "THAT COULD HAVE SAVED THEM".
What is the converse of this statement and many more like it?
IOW - If THEY were condemned for rejecting the Truth, what does that say about 'why' those who are saved are not condemned?
 
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skypair

Active Member
ReformedBaptist said:
You put forth 3 Scriptures that are to teach us that man in an un-saved state, left to himself, has the power and ability to believe the Gospel without any aid from God at all. Am I understanding you correctly? I want to be sure before I proceed with the Scriptures you have provided, namely 1 Cor 2:1-6; 1 Cor 15:1-3 and the book of Acts.
Not quite right, RB. Man must be preached to in some way in order to find Christ. "Faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God." But your apparent assertion is that man can't hear, repent, or receive until he/she is regenerated, right? Whereas the verses I cite show no such limitation on man's part.

Let's even bring it down to something more specific --- Why does Jesus tell Nicodemus "Ye must be born again" rather than "men must be born again?" If Nicodemus has nothing to do with it ("It's all of God."), why does Jesus offer the personal challenge?


skypair
 
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Bismarck

New Member
skypair said:
Since regeneration precedes faith but since there's no proof that it brings immediate faith, it could be lost and gained again and you wouldn't know it.

That's yet to be proven with scripture. I find in 1Cor 2:1-6 and 15:1-3 that they can. I find in Acts where they have. Where do you find that they can't?

skypair

Skypair,

Do you acknowledge that 1 Cor 2,15; Acts, etc...

all happened after the crucifixion?


If you were to draw a time line, you'd put the Crufixion at Passover 30 AD...

and then Acts, and 1 Cor would be to the right of that on the time line.


Why is this important? B/c John 12:32 says that, once the Messiah was "raised up", he began "drawing" all men unto him. Cf. John 3:16, "for God so loved the world that He [reached across the gulf of Fallen Man's sin and] sent his firstborn son" (paraphrase).


Thus, since Passover 30 AD, God's Spirit has been "invading" the Fallen World = domain of the adversary (1 John 5:19). Thus, your Scripture citations do not actually address the issue of whether Fallen Man left apart from God can, or cannot...

b/c, since 30 AD, nobody has been fully left apart from God, but instead — b/c God so loved the world, all praises be unto Him — all have been "drawn" back to Him.


In short, I agree with your conclusions... with the "technicality" that Fallen Men "have" the power to Believe not because it is intrinsic, but instead because for the past 1977 years YHWH-God has been assisting Fallen Man and "doing the heavy lifting for them".

(And why? Because "it is your Father's good pleasure to give you the kingdom" (Luke 12:32).)


PS: I believe that John 6:44,64-66 shows that, technically speaking, Fallen Man without YHWH-God's helping hand, are doomed without chance:

'No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day'... 'But there are some of you that believe not.' For Jesus knew from the beginning who they were that believed not, and who should betray him. And he said, 'Therefore said I unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it were given unto him of my Father.' From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.
John 6:44,64-66

All of this occurs before Jesus' Crucifixion. Thus, all of this occurs without YHWH-God's "helping hand" promised by John 12:32.

Against this interpretation, however, is the fact that Peter and the Apostles did not backslide (v. 68-69). I would be very interested to hear your comments on this.

Best re: -B
 
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skypair

Active Member
Bismarck said:
Do you acknowledge that 1 Cor 2,15; Acts, etc...

all happened after the crucifixion?
I do indeed. And that is an important issue. There was NO regeneration to the "left side" of the crucifixion. Therefore, no "lifting" --- and yet people were saved then, right? And how will they be "drawn" to Christ? BY the regeneration/"resurrection of the just." Again, it is ALL men who are "drawn."


In short, I agree with your conclusions... with the "technicality" that Fallen Men "have" the power to Believe not because it is intrinsic, but instead because for the past 1977 years YHWH-God has been assisting Fallen Man and "doing the heavy lifting for them".
And you admit that that "power" was not extant preior to the cross --- yet people believed unto salvation pre-cross, right?

PS: I believe that John 6:44,64-66 shows that, technically speaking, Fallen Man without YHWH-God's helping hand, are doomed without chance:
So you are saying that all before the cross are lost?

Against this interpretation, however, is the fact that Peter and the Apostles did not backslide (v. 68-69). I would be very interested to hear your comments on this.
How do you conclude that Peter did not backslide if, after he led Cornelius to Christ, he would not eat with Gentiles -- a travesty which Paul had to "rebuke him openly" for?

skypair
 

Bismarck

New Member
skypair said:
I do indeed. And that is an important issue. There was NO regeneration to the "left side" of the crucifixion. Therefore, no "lifting" --- and yet people were saved then, right? And how will they be "drawn" to Christ? BY the regeneration/"resurrection of the just." Again, it is ALL men who are "drawn."


And you admit that that "power" was not extant preior to the cross --- yet people believed unto salvation pre-cross, right?

So you are saying that all before the cross are lost?

Not unless YHWH-God denied His helping hand before the cross. Would you please tell me who as saved before the Cross? I would like an example or two to get me started, that would really help me out, and assure me I'm on the right track.

How do you conclude that Peter did not backslide if, after he led Cornelius to Christ, he would not eat with Gentiles -- a travesty which Paul had to "rebuke him openly" for?

skypair

I should have added "right then and there", in John 6:64-66. Others were falling away, yet at that time Peter and the 12 were steadfast. Thus, even w/o "regeneration to the Left of the cross", Peter & the 12 were steadfast...

or, at least, more steadfast than others.

Peter fell away, after Jesus rebuked him for drawing his sword... and the others all fled too.

Thus, it does seem that "to the left of the Cross", w/o regeneration, all did fall short (cf. Rom 3:23) as they, under (extreme) pressure forsook the Messiah, even Simon "the Rock". (Does John the "Beloved Disciple" disprove this?)


As for Paul rebuking Peter (Gal 2:11ff = Acts 15:2), please allow me to make a technical observation.

"Men came from James" (Gal 2:12), or "from Judah" (Acts 15:1), and Peter bowed to their authority — ie, to the authority of James whom they purported to represent. James was the Bishop of Jerusalem, the Head of the Church.

However, they falsly claimed James' authority, and James rejected/disowned them at the Jerusalem Council soon after that Peter-Paul argument (Acts 15:24).

Thus, you might say that Peter did not backslide, but meekly acknowledged James' authority...

and made a dash for Jerusalem, reported to James, highlighted the lies of the "circumcision party" (Gal 2:12 = Acts 15:1,5,24) — often called (not from Scripture) "Judaizers". The Jerusalem Council was then quickly convened (Acts 15:-6).


Thank you for your informative answer.

-B
 

skypair

Active Member
Bismarck said:
Not unless YHWH-God denied His helping hand before the cross. Would you please tell me who as saved before the Cross? I would like an example or two to get me started, that would really help me out, and assure me I'm on the right track.
Abel, Enoch, Noah, Rahab, etc. (Heb 11). That should be a good start, right?

skypair
 

webdog

Active Member
Site Supporter
skypair said:
Abel, Enoch, Noah, Rahab, etc. (Heb 11). That should be a good start, right?

skypair
Don't forget Lot...one of only a handful of men to be declared both righteous and godly.
 

Brother Bob

New Member
Rom 11:2
God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying,
Rom 11:4But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to [the image of] Baal.


Rom 11:5Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace.

Take your pick!!!
 

ReformedBaptist

Well-Known Member
Allan said:
Ok, I didn't figure you meant anything other than good. I just wanted to make sure.
I understand about trying appropriate a type of label so as to better siginify to what we are addressing. But remember that Arminian is a system of theology just as Calvinism is and it has it's specific beliefs of which I do not agree with.


And yet in the same breath you also state God is making a general call (to repentance and salvation) to them who will not respond.
So then it is pointless for Paul to even make the statement of "harden not your heart" since Paul KNOWS they can do nothing BUT Harden their hearts (because it is the will of God) or that they can do nothing but Relent to God (because it is the will of God).
I don't believe (based on my studies of scripture) there are two types of 'calls' found in the scripture.
So I am merely acknowledging what I beleive scripture states regarding God truely offering savlation even to those He knows will not accept it (like 2 Thes 2 - they received not the love of the truth that they might be saved).
God does not only do good to those who will love him back, nor does He love only those who will love Him in return. (granted there IS a distinction in the 'type' of love given but God loves them none the less)

This verse speaks of 'us' with regard to us being in the likeness of our Father:

Is God greater or equal to fallen man?
Obvious Answer: Greater and by far. For if fallen man will only do good to those who will do good back, how much greater is God who will do good even to those who will not recieve it nor give it back. As God's children we are to become like He is (as see above), and as Christ's disciples we are to be like He is. See below:

It can even be said that 'we' as the Church bride are to be even as He (our husband) is.

Agreed.
I don't agree that 'effectual' is any different than 'irresistable' according to the soveriegn dotrices of grace.
Both imply that it is God by grace which compels us to be saved. Yet grace compels nothing but extends something (favor) to one/those who does not deserve it.
That extention is not a compultion to receive that which grace is offering (Gospel call) to the person. That is also why grace is the means of the Gospel call and that call is the offering of a 'gift' of salvation according to scripture that is only received "By Faith". A gift does not have to be received when it is offered yet offered a 'gift' must be regardless of intent of the recipient.

IMHO - To state that grace is 'effectual' seems to miss the very meaning and scope of what grace is - an offer thus it is seen as synonomous with the Gospel or Good news. This offer isn't limited and thus the General Call. Therefore, IMO it appears that grace is more a subjective matter (regarding effectual) rather than objective.


It might 'seem to' but it does not since nothing could come into existence that God did not foreordain to exist and be as He foreknew.

NOTE: Foreknew is not about 'looking into the future' but that God knows already the future, present, and past - all at once. It is that God knew and not so much as our discriptor of a time period when it was known - fore. To state that God knew because He pre-determined what each man will do puts that person in a very unbilbical position of God (though logical) making men act both glorious and wicked, righteous and sinful. So that their actions are squarely and singularly done because of God making man to want to do them. Man would then have no responsiblity and be punished because that was his intended purpose from the outset of why God created him - to endure Eternal torments for doing exactly as God made him to. Not even you agree with that as far as I know.


Agreed, He IS all-knowing. But No, it causes no problems whatsoever. We acknowledge and fully agree that in Gods knowing who will and will not believe and that Gods knowledge of it is unchangable or certain. Yet that knowledge is in accordance with the rest of the plan of God of HOW He determined salvation to come (through faith), and how that faith would come (The Gospel or Word of God), and how that Word would come into being when men seperated from God are deserving of His wrath (by Grace).


Calvinists are not the only ones who contend against Open Theists my friend.
It is a true statement that God chose according to His good purpose (foreordain) and not because of something he foresaw in man.
For Man by himself and left to himself has nothing redeeming in himself because Man would be the very object of his own salvation and therefore wholely unworthy.

Therefore it by the grace of God man is revealed even in nature and his conscience any truths of God. It is by the grace of God that He reveals to man he has nothing worthy in and of himself to 'offer' to God in exchange for salvation (works), and then continuing in grace, God reveals the very object of God's salvation to and for man - the Man Christ Jesus (who has done all the works). This Man can now 'potentially' be saved (with regard to knowing biblical truth) because he sees he can not be the object of his own salvation but that Christ Jesus 'the gift of God' is only one worthy to be that object for his/mans salvation. Therefore 'faith' in His or Christ's work unto our salvation is what saves. Faith is not a work (Rom 4:4-5) but it receives that work another has already done on our behalf.

God's foreknowledge includes this otherwise God is not truly all-knowing. Especially since the scriptures attest that those who are condemned have been so condemned by their rejection of the truth "THAT COULD HAVE SAVED THEM".
What is the converse of this statement and many more like it?
IOW - If THEY were condemned for rejecting the Truth, what does that say about 'why' those who are saved are not condemned?

Your posts are always too long brother. With all due respect, I am just going to have to pass it by.
 

ReformedBaptist

Well-Known Member
Bismarck said:
Assertions:

(1) Fallen Man (as we all are), "left to himself" (apart from God), has z-e-r-o ability to turn to YHWH-God (in any meaningful, steadfast way)

(2) YHWH-God, by His Grace, and through His firstborn son Jesus Christ, is actively calling all men to Him (John 12:32)

(3) Thus "buoyed up" by God's Grace, Fallen Man is graciously empowered (by YHWH-God) with the ability to Believe the Gospel.


Analogy 1:

Believing the Gospel is like bench-pressing 4,000 lbs.

You cannot do so on your own.

But if YHWH-God, by His Grace, calls you to Him through his firstborn son Jesus Christ (John 12:32), and does the heavy lifting for you, you can*get on the bench-press and push the weights up and down (as long as, and only because, YHWH-God's Helping Hand is on the bar).


Analogy 2:

Believing the Gospel is like shooting a Bullseye at 4,000 yards.

Even with the best rifle, you cannot do so on your own. Your bullet will eventually veer off course, and fall short, and miss the target.

But if YHWH-God, by His Grace, guides your bullet, you can pick up the rifle, squeeze the trigger, and hit the mark (as long as, and only because, YHWH-God is guiding your aim and carrying your bullet along).



Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father has chosen gladly to give you the kingdom.
Luke 12:32


In short, I am arguing (essentially) that YHWH-God's "regenerative Grace" has already (John 12:32) been extended to all mankind — because YHWH-God has chosen to do so, by His Grace, and even despite Fallen Man's putrid & unworthy unholinesses.


I would like to try to defend this position Scripturally, to see how well it holds together.

Bismark,

I have before asked you several simple questions regarding your beliefs. I have yet to recieve an answer, and until I hear from you on those matters I will not engage you in any debate.

Best regards,
RB
 
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