Jimmy J.--Welcome!
The whole "dead man" argument can seem to lead one to think of someone totally unable but doesn't Paul use the word "dead" in other passages that refers to our being dead to sin? Does that mean we are unable to sin? No. So why would you assume that "dead" here means totally unable?
Does Paul say that we are dead to sin?
Romans 6:11 says, "So, you too
consider yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus. (emphasis mine)
This is the only place I am aware of that Paul says this. HOWEVER, it is of great importance that Paul uses the word "consider." We are to consider ourselves dead to sin. We are not dead to sin. The Christian, as we all know, can and does still sin. Paul is not making a declarative statement as he does in Ephesians 2:1. There he says we were dead in our trespasses and sins. Here he says to consider ourselves dead to sin. In other words, we are to act
as if we were (but, by implication, really aren't) dead to sin.
In these passages there is a huge difference in the useage of the word and therefore there is no "analogy."
The greek word for dead is "Nekros." This is the word that Paul uses in Ephesians 2:1 and 5, as well as, the passage here in Romans.
If, as you and Bill suggest, it is used as an analogy, then when Paul talks about Christ being raised from the dead (Nekros) and the dead (Nekros) in Christ rising he would be using that only as an analogy? So are we to understand that Paul thought that Jesus didn't suffer a real death? Did Paul not think death for a Christian was not a physical reality?
Of course Christ's death, and the death of anyone for that matter, are not analagous. They are actual. Because the word Nekros is used for all these examples, the idea that in one place (Ephesians 2) it is used only as an analogy is not logical.
Sure the man without the Spirit can't understand the things from the Spirit. But look just a few verses before in verse 12:
"We have not received the spirit of the world but the Spirit who is from God, that we may understand what God has freely given us."
This seems self-refutating to me. As you rightly say the one without the spirit cannot understand the things from the spirit. But, as you show, verse 12 shows how, for the Christians, this obstacle was breached.
Did understanding or the spirit come first? According to the above passage, 1 Corinthians 2, it is the Spirit that comes first and then understanding. The cart cannot come before the horse, so to speak. If the natural man cannot understand the things of God, how then does the natural man understand the things of God so as to be saved? Simple: the Spirit who is from God is given so that the gift of what has been freely given to us by God can be understood and recieved.
Well, that's not exactly true. Eph.2 does say "through faith" which expresses the means that the Spirit comes to man. Look in Gal. 3 and it is clearly seen that the Spirit comes through faith.
Galatians 3:
22 But the Scripture has imprisoned everything under sin's power, so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. 23 Before this faith came, we were confined under the law, imprisoned until the coming faith was revealed. 24 The law, then, was our guardian until Christ, so that we could be justified by faith. 25 But since that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian, 26 for you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus.
It would seem, by saying "Before this faith came," and "Since that faith has come" that Paul is suggesting that even faith is a gift of God. In other words, Faith is not something we inherently possess--it is, like grace, a gift from God.
You are discribing the difference between one who has the Spirit and one who does not.
This is the general crux of the issue is it not? The elect will be given the regenerating power of the Holy Spirit at some point which will enable them to understand and accept the things of God. The non-elect or reprobate person will not. Therefore, they will not be able to understand or accept the things of God--including salvation.
I don't really like this part. I wish it were different. However, scripture is clear on these matters.
It is nice to have you on the board!
Blessings,
Archangel