They were Catholic to the core. There was a forming institutional church with a hierarchical structure. No one was allowed to "go their own way", to decide things for themselves based on their own interpretation of what scriptures were then available to them. They also had a set liturgical form of worship, with the altar of sacrifice as the focus of worship, not the pulpit.
This is just patently biased and false on your part. Where do we see an altar of sacrifice in Acts? Do we see Peter knocking on a house church door to go focus on an altar of sacrifice constructed in the back yard?
We read from Paul that there were a variety of songs being sung and being created.
Ephesians 5:17-21 Therefore do not be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is. And do not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit, addressing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody to the Lord with your heart, giving thanks always and for everything to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, submitting to one another out of reverence for Christ.
People weren't forced into one shoe size. Paul commends people for questioning his teaching and demanding scripture for verification.
Acts 17:10-12 The brothers immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea, and when they arrived they went into the Jewish synagogue. Now these Jews were more noble than those in Thessalonica; they received the word with all eagerness, examining the Scriptures daily to see if these things were so. Many of them therefore believed, with not a few Greek women of high standing as well as men.
As for the term catholic, if you are using it as meaning universal, then we agree that God has one means by which we are saved. That one means is universally true. It is catholic.
If you are saying that Rome teaches universal truth...you speak a bold faced lie that is proven false by scripture and by history.