But Bob, I suggest it is clear that when Paul uses the term "the law" in Romans 5, he must be referring to the Law of Moses , since he says this after saying that "for until the Law sin was in the world":
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses
Paul cannot be misunderstood - He is saying that sin was in the world before the Law of Moses. I do not deny that there were other commands and laws originating from God before the Law of Moses. But that is not the point we have been disputing, at least from my perspective.
Sin may indeed be "violation of law" but, I can see no way to rescue the position that sin is only violation of the Law of Moses which, after all was only given to Moses at Sinai.
As I am sure all agree -- Peter says that scripture is the product of God not man "
holy men of old moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God" -and in Ex 20 it is God (not Moses) that speaks directly to the people from the mountain - bypassing Moses altogether.
The people then go to Moses in Ex 20 and beg that God no longer speak directly to them.
God has Moses place the Ten commandments inside the ark - but the rest of the inspired text of scripture he has Moses place "beside the ark". In Deuteronomy 5 Moses reminds the people that
"God spoke these TEN words and He added NO more".
That scripture (placed beside the ark - not in the ark) includes things like the Genesis creation account and the history of man before the flood -- and the history of man after the flood.
That scripture includes the institution of Marriage and the 4th commandment's 7th day Sabbath.
Moses is the one writing in Gen 26:6 reporting what God told Isaac regarding Abraham "
Abraham obeyed Me and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes andn My Laws".
It is Moses again that is writing 40 years later in Deut 30:10-11 about God telling Israel to keep Gods "Commandments
and statutes which are WRITTEN in the book of the Law.."
In the first case the Commandments, statutes and Laws are not "written".
in the second case - they have finally been "written".
In Genesis 4 God warns again that "sin is at the door - you must master it" -- but Cain does not have ten commandments on tablets of stone in front of him. That Law was known at that time - but was not written. Clearly murder was sin. The Law of God pointed that out - even though it was not in "written form". Thus 1John 3:4 holds true - sin is transgression of the Law of God (the Word of God) even if it is not yet in written form. God says it - and it is Law.
In Gen 6 and 7 we see a reference to "clean" and "unclean" animals - but the definition for that "term" is not "written" until Lev 11. Yet real animals go into Noah's ark - the clean by 7s and the unclean by 2's -- long before Moses.
Paul in Romans 5 is refering to the fact that God's Law did not exist in "written form" before Moses. But at Sinai God had Moses write His Law (or in the case of the Ten Commandments God first Spoke directly to the people then God Himself wrote the Law on tablets of stone).
Now here is the interesting part -
Gal 1:6-11 there has only ever been - ONE Gospel
Heb 8 - that Gospel is contained in the New Covenant promised in the O.T.
The New Covenant promises that the Law of God is written on the heart.
Thus Adam through Noah (and all those in Heb 11) - all had the "Law of God written on the heart" under the ONE Gospel.
Paul confirms in Heb 4:1 that "WE have had the Gospel preached to us just as THEY ALSO" referring back to ancient Israel in the desert.
In Christ,
Bob