Eliyahu said:
I just addressed these questions to Agnus Dei, but can anyone else answer these questions?
Grace and Peace Eliyahu,
If you will, I would offer a bit more to this conversation.
I would like to see how these are answered by the people who claim that Mary bore God and God was carried by Mary.
I am one of these people but let me try to address this another way instead of having your force a distinction between Christ's divinity and Christ's humanity for as you may or may not know He is the
Theanthropos or "God-Man", who saves us from our sins precisely because he is God and man at once. Man could not come to God, so God has come to man (i.e. by making himself human). In his outgoing or "ecstatic" love, God unites himself to his creation in the closest of all possible unions, by himself becoming that which he has created. God, as man, fulfills the mediatorial task which man rejected at the fall. Jesus our Saviour bridges the abyss between God and man because he is both at once. As the Church said in one of the Orthodox hymns for Christmas Eve,
"Heaven and earth are united today, for Christ is born. Today has God come down to earth, and man gone up to heaven".
The Incarnation is summed up in the refrain to the Christmas hymn by Romanos the Melodist: "A new-born child, God before the ages". Contained in this short phrase are three assertions:
1.) Jesus Christ is fully and completely God.
2.) Jesus Christ is fully and completely man.
3.) Jesus Christ is not two persons but one.
This spelt out in great detail by the Ecumenical Councils. Just as the first two among the seven were concerned with the doctrine of the Trinity, so the last five were concerned with that of the Incarnation.
The third Council (Ephasus, 431) states that the Virgin Mary is
Theotokos, "Godbearer" or "Mother of God". Implicit in this title is an affirmation, not primarily about the Virgin, but about Christ: God was born. The Virgin is Mother, not of a human person united to the divine person of the Logos, but of a single, undivided person who is God and man at once.
The fourth Council (Chalcedon, 451) proclaimed that there are in Jesus Christ two natures, the one divine and the other human. According to his divine nature Christ is "one in essense" (
homoousios) with God the Father; according to his human nature he is
honoousios with us men. According to his divine nature, that is to say, he is fully and completely God: he is the second person of the Trinity, the unique "only-begotten" and eternal Son of the eternal Father, born from the Father before all ages. According to his human nature he is fully and completely man: born in Bethlehem as a human child from the Virgin Mary, he has not only a human body like ours, but a human soul and intellect. Yet though the incarnate Christ exists "in two natures", he is one person, single and undivided, and not two persons coexisting in the same body.
The fifth Council (Constantinople, 553), further affirming what was said by the third, taught that "one of the Trinity suffered in the flesh". Just as it is legitimate to say that God was born, so we are entitled to assert that God died! In each case, of course, we specify that it is God-made-man of whom this is said. God in his transcendence is subject neither to birth nor to death, but these things are indeed undergone by the Logos incarnate.
The sixth Council (Constantinople, 680-1), taking up what was said by the fourth, affirmed that, just as there are in Christ two natures, divine and human, so there is in Christ not only a divine will but also a human will; for if Christ did not have a human will like ours, he would not be truly a man as we are,. Yet these two wills are not contrary and opposed to each other, for the human will is at all times freely obedient to the divine.
The seventh Council (Nicaea, 787) setting the seal on the four that went before, proclaimed that, since Christ became true man, it is legitimate to depict his face upon the holy ikons; and, since Christ is one person and not two, these ikons do not just show us his humanity in separation from his divinity, but they show us the one person of the eternal Logos incarnate.
Ulderlying the conciliar definitions about Christ as God and man, there are two basic principles concerning our salvation. First, only God can save us. A prophet or teacher of righteousness cannot be the redeemer of the world. If, then, Christ is to be our Saviour, he must be fully and Completely God. Secondly, salvation must reach the point of human need. Only if Christ is fully and completely a man as we are, can we men share in what he has done for us.
It would therefore be fatal to the doctrine of our salvation if we were to regard Christ in the way that the Arians did, as a kind of demi-God situated in a shadowy intermediate region between humanity and divinity. The Christian doctrine of our salvation demands that we shall be maximalists. We are not to think of him as "half-in-half". Jesus Christ is not 50% God and 100% man nor should we think of him as 100% God and 50% man. In the epigrammatic phrase of Leo the Great, he is
totus, in suis, totus in nostris, "complete in what is his own, complete in what is ours".
Complete in what is his own: Jesus Christ s our window into the divine realm, show us what God is.
"No one has ever seen God; the only-begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has made him known to us" (John 1:18).
Complete in what is ours: Jesus Christ is the second Adam, showing us the true character of our own human personhood. God alone is the perfect man.
Who is God? Who am I? To both these questions Jesus Christ gives us the answer.
Knowing this to be the eternal teaching of the Church, I acknowledge them as my own.
Be Well.