xdisciplex,
bmerr here. I tried to reply a couple of days ago, but I guess it got lost in transmission. I'll try again.
At the start, let me say that I have not put tons of study into this, and I'm willing to be corrected if need be. The following is purely my opinion based on the Bible.
I think there is a difference between being guily of sin, and being a "sinner". I think one can be guilty of sin, and yet not be what the Bible refers to as a "sinner". Let me give a couple of examples.
Cornelius (prior to his conversion) is described as "a devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, who gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway" (Acts 10:2). He is described by some of those who worked for, or under him as "...a righteous man, and one that feareth God, and well reported of by all the nation of the Jews..." (10:22). If anyone's going to talk trash about you, it'll be those who work for, or under you, right? Such was not the case with Cornelius.
All in all, a pretty stand-up guy, not exactly what one thinks of when he hears the term "sinner". But he was still lost. He still needed to be saved.
Another might be the Eithiopian eunuch. In Acts 8:27-28, we find him retuning from Jerusalem, where he had come to worship, and reading the prophet Isaiah. If anything, he sets a good example for those who profess to be Christians, by spending his spare time reading the Bible! Again, not what one thinks of when he hears the word "sinner", but still one in need of the gospel in order to be saved.
Now, in these two examples, we have good men in need of salvation. In contrast, let's look at James 5:19-20.
Instead of getting hung up on the OSAS debate, ('cause you know how we all like to get side-tracked), let's just examine the text.
19 My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one convert him;
20 Let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.
Let's note first that this is adressed to Christians, thus the term, "brethren". While it is true that this term is elsewhere used of unbelieving Jews (ie. Acts 7:2), I think it's a pretty safe bet to say that in this context, fellow Christians are being adressed.
"...if any among you..." Again, this is for any among the Christians that James is writing to.
"...err from the truth..." 2 John 9 tells us that one who does not abide in the doctrine of Christ hath not God. Departure from NT doctrine leaves one without God.
"...and one convert him..." Erring brethren are to be brought back into the fold, actively pursued by the whole congregation. Unfortunately, not all efforts are successful.
"...he that converteth a sinner..." The Christian who has erred from the the truth is called a "sinner".
"...from the error of his way..." It is the error of his way that causes one to be a sinner.
It seems to me (again, my opinion), that to be a "sinner" in the sense that the Bible uses the word, is to depart from the truth, or to lead a life characterized by sin, or as I've heard it put, to be "in the business of sin".
This may even include those with great religious zeal (Saul, Acts 9), who have been deceived into following a man-made plan of salvation, or who refuse to follow the NT pattern for worship.
The sexually immoral, drunkards, profane, etc, are obvious feet for this shoe to fit.
Well, there you have it. Hope it helps.
In Christ,
bmerr