This statement:
It is possible for someone who does not know Jesus to be saved
Negates this statement:
It is possible for someone who does not know Jesus to be saved
Nope. You have to use your brain and think about what he is saying. He's not preaching a sermon, but instead is engaging the mind of the questioner.
Let's look at those statements in context. I'll comment on them so you can understand the progression:
"Okay," she says, "I can acknowledge that. You know, I have read the gospels, and I think that Jesus was the greatest teacher there ever was. In fact, I'd like to live my life like him. But it feels like I have to 'buy' an awful lot more."
What I would say is this: you don't have to buy anything you don't want. We have to help people understand that belief is something that comes along as you experience. You don't have to fake anything. The way faith works is this: you put into practice what you believe. If you're attracted to Jesus, what do you believe about him that you can act on? Experience shows again and again that when you allow people to act on the little that they do believe, the rest will follow.
In other words, act on the faith you have in Jesus and the rest (a stronger faith) will follow.
"But I still struggle with how I should view those who have other beliefs. I'm not sure I am ready to condemn them as wrong. I know some very good Buddhists. What is their destiny?"
What is happening here is that the college girl is posing a hypothetical argument about "good Buddhists". Willard let's her think through this hypothetical argument instead of just dismissing it. The reason he does this should be clear. Unfortunately, "good Buddhists" are often much kinder and fairer to others than so-called "good Christians". They believe in karma while Christians believe in grace (at least, receiving grace for themselves).
I would take her to Romans 2:6-10: "God will give to each person according to what he has done. To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor, and immortality, he will give eternal life. But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow evil, there will be wrath and anger."
What Paul is clearly saying is that if anyone is worthy of being saved, they will be saved.
Just as those who put the words of Jesus into acting will find themselves transformed, those who continue in human religions that have rejected the truth of God, will be condemned.
Willard (correctly) points out that Paul teaches that God will give to each person according to what he has done. If someone is righteous in themselves, they will be spared judgment.
At that point many Christians get very anxious, saying that absolutely no one is worthy of being saved.
He's talking about you here.
Certainly, I would agree that there is no one worthy of being saved judgment for their deeds.
The implication of that is that a person can be almost totally good, but miss the message about Jesus, and be sent to hell. What kind of a God would do that?
Willard doesn't believe that God would allow someone who is seeking righteousness to perish without an opportunity to hear the gospel in some way. In his book,
Divine Conspiracy, Willard shares a couple of stories of people in this type of situation who have testified that God dealt with them directly and brought them enough revelation for them to seek more until they came to faith in Jesus.
I am not going to stand in the way of anyone whom God wants to save. I am not going to say "he can't save them." I am happy for God to save anyone he wants in any way he can.
I think Willard is simply saying that this part of the way God works in the world is mysterious, and he is not going to build a theology that claims God is not interested in saving persons unless they have certain types of initial knowledge. He knows that the heart of God does not want any to perish, but all to come to repentance. God will do what is fair and merciful.
For the purposes of the argument he is presenting to the college student, he is essentially saying the important question here is not what God is going to do about others (God will be fair and merciful), but what are
you going to do about Jesus.
It is possible for someone who does not know Jesus to be saved. But anyone who is going to be saved is going to be saved by Jesus: "There is no other name given under heaven by which men can be saved."
The two sentences you quote are back-to-back, and a philosophy professor like Willard knows that it appears to be a contradiction. But let's think about this. He is referring back to the possibility that Paul mentioned that someone could be saved from judgment if they were righteous. But then he points out that anyone who will be saved, will be saved by Jesus (obviously, there is no one who is truly righteous in their own nature).