The internet had its origin in ARPANET, built to connect national supercomputing centers at several universities and provided interconnectivity in 1986 with the
NSFNET project, which also created network access to the
supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. ARPA stands for the Defense Department's
Advanced Research Projects Agency. Concepts had been tested for this kind of a network since the mid-60's however.
Therefore the early network was controlled by the U.S. military. The open internet essentially began in about 1980.
The internet is not controlled by anyone except the Internet Engineering Task Force which sets agreed-upon standards.
In May 2000, the
Internet Engineering Task Force defined attack in
RFC 2828 as:
[6]
an assault on system security that derives from an intelligent threat, i.e., an intelligent act that is a deliberate attempt (especially in the sense of a method or technique) to evade security services and violate the security policy of a system.
I would say then that official recognition of the danger of cyberattacks began around 2000. Responsibility for defending against cybercrime and cyber attacks rests both with the government and private enterprise.
Cyberattack - Wikipedia
Investment in cyber war started around 2006. Today (2012 in this article) several intelligence studies claim that more than 140 countries have a cyber weapon development program. One example is the $110 million US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) dubbed “
Plan X” (2012). Its goal is to harness computing power to help the US wage war more effectively (for example,.achieving kinetic effects). Plan X is part of a larger DARPA effort to create breakthrough offensive and defensive cyber-capabilities. Cyber-defense spending in the U.S. has steadily increased from $27.4 B in 2010 to $66 B in 2018.
Private corporations have their own budgets to prevent cybercrime. I have a friend at church who works in cyber-security for the Southern Corp.
Personally, I think we have a need to publicly recognize cyber-warfare as a critical security issue on the order of nuclear warfare. We need more funding for the government and private sectors to combat it. We also need a coordinated defense between the public and private sectors as well as educating more engineers and computer scientists in this area to join the defense.