A lack of necessary regulation on bank activity allowed the banks to package risky loans into derivative packages which eventually became worthless.
Freddie Mac and
Fannie Mae were taken over by the federal government on September 7, 2008.
Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy on September 15, 2008.
Merrill Lynch,
AIG,
HBOS,
Royal Bank of Scotland,
Bradford & Bingley,
Fortis,
Hypo Real Estate, and
Alliance & Leicester were all expected to follow—with a US federal bailout announced the following day beginning with $85 billion to AIG. In spite of trillions
[19] paid out by the US federal government, it became much more difficult to borrow money. The resulting decrease in buyers caused housing prices to plummet.
While the collapse of large financial institutions was prevented by the
bailout of banks by national governments,
stock markets still dropped worldwide. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in
evictions,
foreclosures, and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a downturn in economic activity leading to the
Great Recession of 2008–2012 and contributing to the
European sovereign-debt crisis.
[20][21]The active phase of the crisis, which manifested as a
liquidity crisis, can be dated from August 9, 2007, when
BNP Paribas terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds citing "a complete evaporation of liquidity".
[22]
n 2010, the
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was enacted in the US following the crisis to "promote the financial stability of the United States".
[7] The
Basel III capital and liquidity standards were adopted by countries around the world.
[8]
Now Trump in trying to abolish regulations is working to take away the safeguards provided after the crisis setting us up for another, worse one in the near future.