Recall the major theme of Romans: God's unending faithfulness to his promises. God is faithful to us in spite of our unfaithfulness to Him. While we still were sinners, Christ died for us. While we still were God's enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son (5:8-10). But, Paul now asks, what about unfaithful Israel?
His writing in Romans 9 raises many questions: Does Israel's unfaithfulness mean that Israel has dropped out of God's plan? Does it mean that God has rejected Israel as the people through whom he will bless the world? Has the word of God failed? Else how can it be that the very people whose entire history had been looking forward to the Messiah's coming have now rejected him?
Paul's answer to his own questions boils down to this: Not so. God's promises to Israel once made are not retracted under the impact of Israel's rejection of the Messiah. God has not rejected Israel, nor will God ever do so. The Jews continue to be God's chosen people and to play a role in his plan to save the world.
The heart of Romans 9-11 is Paul's metaphor of the olive tree (11:16-24). The tree, both roots and branches, is Israel. The broken-off branches are the Jews who have rejected the gospel of Jesus Christ. Their rejection is not permanent but temporary. God in his good time will graft the natural, broken-off branches back into "their own olive tree" (11:24). The grafted branches are the gentiles who have accepted the gospel. Gentiles who believe in Jesus become part of Israel, part of its roots and stem. God invites the Gentiles to enter into the ancient relationship between him and Israel. Why is the tree not cut down and a new one planted? Answer: So that the Gentiles "do not become proud, but stand in awe" (11:20). So that the Gentiles who believe the gospel may never forget that the Jews who reject the gospel continue to be the people of God.
Paul closes his discussion in Romans 9-11 by calling the whole matter a mystery.
Romans 11, NASB
25 For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery - so that you will not be wise in your own estimation - that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in;
The "No" of the unbelieving part of Israel is the means by which salvation comes to the gentiles. Their "No" is the reconciliation of the all of us.
Romans 11
15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?
Their hardening will continue until such time as God sees fit to "regraft" Israel into it's own chosenness, it's own "olive tree" which has been the foundation of faith since Abraham.
Romans 11
19 You will say then, "Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in."
20 Quite right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you stand by your faith. Do not be conceited, but fear;
21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you, either.
22 Behold then the kindness and severity of God; to those who fell, severity, but to you, God's kindness, if you continue in His kindness; otherwise you also will be cut off.
Let me make note here, God speaks of unbelief as being the reason for unfaithful Israel being "broken off" from the olive tree. That is not to be construed to mean "lost salvation" but a lack of faith to begin with. I am becoming fully convinced there is much self-deception in the church today, people who believe that walking an aisle and saying a prayer has put them in the kingdom of heaven for eternity and they need do nothing else. But if there is no conviction, no heart-change, no evidence of faith -- if the life remains the same as it was before the prayer-saying and aisle-walking -- they are not saved, any more than the grousing, complaining, unfaithful Jews in the days of Moses were. Just as those who "think" they have been saved can awaken to their lostness, the individuals within Israel also can awaken, express faith, and be grafted in. But the promises nonetheless continue for Israel. She has not been abandoned, she has not walked away from her election, she will be redeemed, through faith just as the spiritual father of all of us, Jew and Gentile, Abraham was.
Romans 11
23 And they also, if they do not continue in their unbelief [Emphasis added], will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again.
24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these who are the natural branches be grafted into their own olive tree?
25 For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery -so that you will not be wise in your own estimation - that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in;
26 and so all Israel will be saved; just as it is written, "THE DELIVERER WILL COME FROM ZION, HE WILL REMOVE UNGODLINESS FROM JACOB."
27 "THIS IS MY COVENANT WITH THEM, WHEN I TAKE AWAY THEIR SINS." [/B]
Read through these three amazing chapters and see Israel as Paul sees them, as the covenant theologians refuse to see them, which in effect denies biblical truth:
- They are Israelites. Paul does not write "they were Israelites" or "they will be Israelites." They are what they have always been, the people of God (11:1).
- To them belongs the adoption. Adoption is not the natural process of having a child. It involves a deliberate choice. It involves election.
- To them belongs the glory. The word glory refers to the "glory of the Lord" and recalls God's many epiphanies to Israel throughout its history. It means that God is ever present to Israel.
- To them belong the covenants. The covenants with Noah, with Abraham, with Israel at Sinai, with David--all these covenants represent both gift and call, and "the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable" (11:29).
- To them belongs the giving of the law. This law, the law of Moses, was a gracious gift from God, one that made the psalmist sing, "Oh, how I love our law! It is my meditation all day long" (Psalm 119:97).
- To them belongs the worship. The worship makes possible the forgiveness of Israel's sins.
- To them belong the promises. Among these promises is the one that Israel will be "a light to the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth" (Isaiah 49:6).
Paul saw in his day that the Church was increasingly becoming gentile and that the church and the synagogue were going their separate ways. To him, this development was a great mystery, for he believed that it was God's plan for the fullness of time to unite both Jews and Gentiles. Why, then, did Israel go its separate way? Was Israel disengaging from God's election? But was it possible for Israel to walk away from its election? Could it unilaterally terminate its election and mission to be a light to the nations?
Paul concludes Israel does not have this option. Israel's refusal to recognize Jesus as the Messiah is a mystery, a mystery guided by God and met by an even greater mystery. And that greater mystery is the mystery of God's faithfulness in spite of Israel's unfaithfulness. It is the mystery of God imprisoning all people, Gentiles and Jews, in disobedience, so that God may be merciful to all.
Romans 11
32 For God has shut up all in disobedience so that He may show mercy to all.