There is a danger when people start extracting Greek words, translating them, exploring alternate English meanings, and then fit them into their theories. Word studies can be a good thing, but they are not the ultimate thing. We have to keep the words in the verses, the verses in the passages, and the passages in context with the whole
This is true, however, I have not seen anything yet that undermines Van's position in regards to "all men" being drawn by Christ.
Perhaps we might broaden the context of the discussion through the passages you refer to in the following statements:
In
John 6 we see that the people do not understand “heavenly things,” that is, spiritual truths (3:10-12). Rather than this being a barrier to God’s purposes or plans, Jesus sees this Jewish opposition as a confirmation of God’s work in election and predestination: “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him”(v. 44), so that believing the one whom he has sent is “the work of God” (v. 29). In what follows, Jesus is explicitely claiming to be the fulfillment of Isaiah’s eschatological vision of a time when “they will be taught by God” (v. 45; Is 54:13).
I'm trying very hard to resist the temptation to address each statement individually, lol.
In short, and in order...
Who exactly is it that does not understand Heavenly things? Is it all men, or some men? How do we impose election and predestination into the present context? Truly we do not divorce these from an overview, however, if we try to create a situation where only those Christ addresses are incapable (the implication that the disciples can and do understand Heavenly things), then we impose something that is refuted elsewhere, that is...no man understood the Heavenly things concerning Christ, because they were not being revealed in that Age (The Age of Law).
Secondly, it is true that the work of God is believing on the name of Christ, in John 6 the focal point is the death of Christ specifically. The primary issue is that He, Christ, came from Heaven to die. His flesh is the True Bread which gives life to the world, and except one eat of that Bread (which is specific to the Incarnation)...they have no life.
Third, the Life that is in view is Eternal Life: it is contrasted with the provision for physical life in the Wilderness.
Lastly, when is it that "men will be taught by God," is it not when...the New Covenant is established?
John 6:45
King James Version (KJV)
45 It is written in the prophets, And they shall be all taught of God. Every man therefore that hath heard, and hath learned of the Father, cometh unto me.
Isaiah 54:13
King James Version (KJV)
13 And all thy children shall be taught of the Lord; and great shall be the peace of thy children.
Jeremiah 31:31-34
King James Version (KJV)
31 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the Lord:
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
Hebrews 8:8-11
King James Version (KJV)
8 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah:
9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord.
10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:
11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.
All of that to ask one question: are the conditions the Prophecy speak about being fulfilled at the time Christ is teaching these men (and you can include all disciples in view in John 6).
Who among men had learned of Christ in this day? Can we say even those disciples, who knew that the Lord had the Words of Life, could be said to understand what Life the True Bread bestows, or how?
If so, I would like to know why not one of them believed the Lord had arisen the Third Day.
In
John 12:32, the words contemporary to the audience convey a meaning that the Gentiles may “see” Jesus, but not yet. Jesus must first be lifted up (looking forward to the crucifixion, as explained in the passage). “But I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to myself” – “all men” does not mean literally all people, as if John were claiming universalism, but “Jews and Gentiles” (as explained in
Romans 9).
Again, I have to point out that the thought that Christ is drawing demands a conclusion of salvation is not something I see we can impose into the text. And when we balance the Work of Christ and see that Christ is looking forward to that time when He will draw all men unto Himself (that is without controversy) and that Christ is God, and that when He sent the Comforter He was coming Himself...we see what that drawing refers to.
The only way to present a charge of Universal Salvation is to first impose a demanded salvific context to the drawing.
The "universal" element is in "all men" only. In other words, Christ will, after He dies on the Cross...draw all men to Himself. That is what He said, after all.
And I would just point out that we can no more make "all men" exclusive than we can say that only those who were Hebrew were affected by the fiery serpents in the Wilderness.
"And
He did so to make known the riches of His glory upon vessels of mercy, which He prepared beforehand for glory,
even us, whom He also called, not from among Jews only, but also from among Gentiles. As He says also in Hosea, "I WILL CALL THOSE WHO WERE NOT MY PEOPLE, 'MY PEOPLE,' AND HER WHO WAS NOT BELOVED, 'BELOVED."AND IT SHALL BE THAT IN THE PLACE WHERE IT WAS SAID TO THEM, 'YOU ARE NOT MY PEOPLE,' THERE THEY SHALL BE CALLED SONS OF THE LIVING GOD." (
Romans 9:23-26)
Again, we understand that the grace of God was bestowed upon both Jew and Gentile even under Law. The distinction is the Covenant Relationship that was specific to Israel.
Gentile Inclusion does not mean Gentiles could not be saved under Law, and this forces our attention on what this passage means in a New Covenant context.
Can we take the position that only those born into Israel could become the sons of God?
Or do we see in Scripture that no-one became the sons of God under previous economies?
Think about that before answering. Does the above say Israel produced those who received Christ and were thus sons of God, and "in that place" this became available to Gentiles?
God bless.