Before you go:
Why are the bonds in the Social Security trust fund worthless?
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Misleading the Public: How the Social Security Trust Fund Really Works
The Social Security trust fund is merely an accounting device filled with IOU's that
future taxpayers must repay. Any "money" remaining in the trust fund is converted into
special-issue Treasury bonds, which are really
nothing more than IOU's. In addition, the Treasury pays interest on the trust fund's balance by crediting the trust fund with additional IOU's. These are also strictly accounting entries, and again no money changes hands.
Why the Social Security Trust Fund Differs from Real Trust Funds. Private-sector trust funds invest in real assets ranging from stocks and bonds to mortgages and other financial instruments. However, the Social Security trust funds are only "invested" in a special type of Treasury bond that
can only be issued to and redeemed by the Social Security Administration. (These are not marketable securities.)
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Social Security has run a surplus in every year since 1984, as was anticipated when Congress enacted and
President Reagan signed the legislation based on the recommendations of the Greenspan Commission in 1983. None of this money is in the Trust Fund now. It has all been replaced by special issue bonds which can only be redeemed by the FED, in other words future taxpayers because that's where the money will have to come from.
The Trust Fund represents a
legal obligation of the federal government to program beneficiaries. The government has borrowed nearly $2.8 trillion as of 2014 from the Trust Fund and used the money for other purposes.
The larger question posed by critics of the trust fund system is if and how the government will provide cash for all the bonds, now totalling
$2.8 trillion.
These bonds are a special class of securities unique to the Social Security fund that can’t be sold. Because they’re not-marketable, some contend that they’re "worthless IOU's."
"These special-issue things, they’re all in a
filing cabinet in West Virginia. That’s the entire trust fund," Smith said in an interview. "There’s no trust, and there are no funds."