(thought I posted this a couple of hours ago, but can't find it now... If DP someone please yell at me!)
Gen 15:6 declares that Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness. If
imputed righteousness on the basis of faith is not salvation, pray tell what is? Paul confirmed this in Rom 4:1-4.
Did Abraham believe that Jesus died for his sins? Of course not! Even the twelve did not understand this until after the death, burial and resurrection! Peter was still fighting against that whole idea in the garden when the soldiers came. If understanding the gospel of the cross is the requirement for salvation in all ages, then no one could have been saved prior to the cross and the preaching of the gospel of the cross (1Cor 15:1-4).
I cannot say when the 11 were saved, but I can say that it was before the cross on the basis of Jesus word in the upper room –
John 13:10 Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.
11 For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.
the NAS more accurately conveys the nuances of the difference between niptw and luw
10 Jesus said to him, “He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean; and you are clean, but not all of you.”
11 For He knew the one who was betraying Him; for this reason He said, “Not all of you are clean.”
Jesus referring to the eleven as “clean” seems to be a pretty clear indication that they were saved at this point, for what is salvation be becoming “completely clean” on the basis of faith in Jesus...
SALVATION WAS BY GRACE THROUGH FAITH IN ALL AGES, PERIOD. THE SHEDDING OF BLOOD WAS ALWAYS INVOLVED IN DEALING WITH SIN IN ALL AGES, PERIOD. THE OBJECT OF SAVING FAITH IN ALL AGES WAS ALWAYS GOD, PERIOD. However, the CONTENT of what was believed WAS NOT THE SAME IN ALL AGES.
Salvation, justification, imputed righteousness, whatever you want to call it NEVER came to anyone from keeping the law. N

NE HERE SAID THAT, at least not I that noticed. That “straw man” may float in your river, but it will not STAND in this thread!
ROM 3:19-28
19 ¶ Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God.
20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.
21 But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;
22 Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference:
23 For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;
24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:
25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;
26 To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.
27 Where is boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith.
28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.
Jesus’ death is the basis for all salvation in all ages, but the Gospel of the cross was not the content of all faith (see the progressive revelation comment made earlier).
Glad to see that someone recognized that Thomas was not the only one who refused to believe the resurrection! At first, none of them believed that Jesus was risen from the dead! That did not mean that they did not retain their faith in God, only that they did not understand the resurrection yet. The fact that they did not believe the women’s testimony concerning the resurrection DOES NOT demonstrate that they had not believed in Jesus.
Yes, the Lord did breathe on them and say, Receive the Spirit, but even after that Jesus acknowledge that the Spirit had not come in His fulness and therefore His promise to send the Spirit was still future and still conditioned upon His earlier words that the Spirit would not come until He went away...
Joh 16:7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth; It is expedient for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come unto you; but if I depart, I will send him unto you.
Acts 1:4-5
4 And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me.
5 For John truly baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence.
When were the 11 saved? When they believed! When was that? At some point before the Upper Room Discourse.
I sincerely hope that I have done irreparable damage to at least a little bit of ignorance (to borrow the thought from a new friend!). I am ever so grateful for those who have been assaulting my ignorance for most of my life! Without their help and instruction, I would be even more ignorant than I have turned out to be!