Which you can't refute. And my expert, with a Ph.D. in Physics and 35 years of teaching Climate Physics and environmental science says your actors and failed ex-Vice Presidents wrong.
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Shell made a film about climate change in 1991 (then neglected to heed its own warning)
- Thread starter FollowTheWay
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Go back to the Middle Ages.
Yup. Here come the insults.
What percent of “leading” scientists say there is no God ?
What percent of “leading” scientists say there is no God ?
I wonder what % of scientist back around the turn of the millennium believed the Earth was flat.
Is that all you got?
Which millennium? I'm assuming you meant the year 1,000. If so, there were precious few scientists. But anyone with a modicum of ancient or contemporary learning knew that the earth was not flat. That had been known since at least Aristotle and Eratosthenes, who calculated the circumference of the Earth. You don't calculate circumference unless something is round.
And since Columbus Day has come and gone, it is interesting that the Portuguese turned down Columbus because he had grossly underestimated the circumference of the Earth. (Not flat earth among the experts.) It would be folly to send his tiny ships on such a voyage; they were right. What neither they nor Columbus knew was that the Americas were in the way. The Portuguese (and others) were correct in what they knew. Columbus was wrong on practically everything, but he stumbled into something that no one in Europe, or he, suspected was there.
RSR - the only point I was trying to make is that there were those who believed that the Earth was flat.
Found an interesting article
I did mean 1000 AD - but going back a couple thousands of years - I'm sure that there was a larger majority of people who did accept the flat Earth theory.
Found an interesting article
I did mean 1000 AD - but going back a couple thousands of years - I'm sure that there was a larger majority of people who did accept the flat Earth theory.
But that wasn't what you asked.
First, you're pushing it back a couple of thousand years. That's a long time.
As soon as sailors because venturing on large bodies of water, they could see the sphericity of the earth.
Second, you now are talking about "a larger majority of people" instead of "scientists." Practically speaking, most people may have accepted a flat earth because it was reasonable. If you don't venture more than a few miles from your home, there's little reason to consider whether the Earth is round.
But you asked about scientists, not "a larger majority of people."
If they had credentials like the ones I've posted about I would bet my retirement against yours the answer is ZERO.
Experts in Climatology were polled to reach this conclusion. The fact that 97% believe that man has had an impact on global warming is because these are the best people to make that determination. Would you poll the people on this board to answer the question: What is the best theory about the nature of the gravitational force? Or would you get a better answer asking theoretical physicists with PhD's in the field?
Shady scientists. In the dark ages they believed an imbalance of humours caused illness. Do you accept that answer today? "Shady scientists" through the years have given us a much different analysis.
This man is 93 years old and hasn't been in an active
You cite one expert. I cite a poll of all the experts. So what if yous is one of the 3% minority. Do you understand the word consensus?
Do you understand that unnamed sources are are not sources.
I can say "112% of climatologists agree that global warming is not man made."
And unnamed source is not a source.
Scientific organizations endorsing the consensus
The following scientific organizations endorse the consensus position that "most of the global warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities":
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- American Astronomical Society
- American Chemical Society
- American Geophysical Union
- American Institute of Physics
- American Meteorological Society
- American Physical Society
- Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO
- British Antarctic Survey
- Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
- Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
- Environmental Protection Agency
- European Geosciences Union
- European Physical Society
- Federation of American Scientists
- Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies
- Geological Society of America
- Geological Society of London
- International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA)
- International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
- National Center for Atmospheric Research
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Royal Meteorological Society
- Royal Society of the UK
13 countries have signed a joint statement endorsing the consensus position:
"Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. These conclusions are based on multiple independent lines of evidence, and contrary assertions are inconsistent with an objective assessment of the vast body of peer-reviewed science."
The consensus is also endorsed by a Joint statement by the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), including the following bodies:
- Academia Brasiliera de Ciencias (Brazil)
- Royal Society of Canada
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Academie des Sciences (France)
- Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (Germany)
- Indian National Science Academy
- Accademia dei Lincei (Italy)
- Science Council of Japan
- Academia Mexicana de Ciencias (Mexico)
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Academy of Science of South Africa
- Royal Society (United Kingdom)
- National Academy of Sciences (USA) (12 Mar 2009 news release)
"Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver. These conclusions are based on multiple independent lines of evidence, and contrary assertions are inconsistent with an objective assessment of the vast body of peer-reviewed science."
The consensus is also endorsed by a Joint statement by the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), including the following bodies:
- African Academy of Sciences
- Cameroon Academy of Sciences
- Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Kenya National Academy of Sciences
- Madagascar's National Academy of Arts, Letters and Sciences
- Nigerian Academy of Sciences
- l'Académie des Sciences et Techniques du Sénégal
- Uganda National Academy of Sciences
- Academy of Science of South Africa
- Tanzania Academy of Sciences
- Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences
- Zambia Academy of Sciences
- Sudan Academy of Sciences
Leaders of participating organizations offered the following comments:
“Climate change has far-reaching implications to everyone on our planet, as it is tied closely with national security, economics, human health, and food security. There is consensus in the scientific community – climate is changing. Now we need policymakers to act, to invest in research to understand the effects of climate change and opportunities to mitigate its drivers, and to adapt to its impacts.”
— RADM Jonathan W. White, USN (Ret.), president and CEO, Consortium for Ocean Leadership
"Climate change poses significant challenges to natural and managed ecosystems. Now is the time for scientists and policy-makers to work together to address the issue of climate change in order to protect agricultural productivity, global food security and environmental resources."
— Harold van Es, president, Soil Science Society of America
“The environmental, social, and economic challenges posed by climate change are among the most important issues of our time. Comprehensive solutions grounded in understanding of ecological systems – our lands, waters, oceans, and atmosphere — and society are urgently needed. A sustainable future remains possible if we work together and act now.”
— Monica G. Turner, president, Ecological Society of America
“This letter, signed by a diverse set of scientific organizations, conveys the solid scientific consensus view that anthropogenic climate change is occurring. How climate change will manifest for specific geographic regions within the next decade and beyond is a topic of intense research. Statisticians are experts in making decisions when specifics aren’t clear and stand ready to work with decision-makers.”
— Jessica Utts, president, American Statistical Association
“Geological studies have demonstrated that climate has changed repeatedly in the past and that future climate change is inevitable. Understanding the complex processes involved in climate change is necessary for adaptation and mitigation.”
— Jonathan G. Price, Ph.D., CPG, President, Geological Society of America
“The reality of climate change is already upon us, and is affecting not only our lives but that of all life on earth. We must do all that we can to mitigate these effects using scientific knowledge and mobilizing society for action. It is the responsibility of our politicians to move us forward in these actions.”
—Dr. Robin L. Chazdon, executive director of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation,
"The phenomenon of human-mediated climate change is not a matter of opinion, but of careful evaluation of data from a vast spectrum of scientific disciplines. What remains unclear is the degree to which climate change will cause environmental, social, and economic havoc. Estimates range from severe to catastrophic. We owe it to our children and to our children’s children to take bold action now so that our descendants do not pay the price for our generation’s greed.”
— Anne D. Yoder, president, Society of Systematic Biologists
“Climate change is one of the most profound challenges facing our society. Consensus on this matter is evident in the diversity of organizations that have signed this letter. Science can be a powerful tool in our efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, and we stand ready to work with policymakers as they deliberate various options for action.”
— Christine McEntee, executive director/CEO of the American Geophysical Union
“Climate influences where plants and animals live. Rapid climate change will force species to find new habitat in hospitable conditions, but many species will not be able to and will go extinct. This isn’t good. It disrupts our ecosystems, which are the source for our food, and clean air and water."
-- Robert Gropp, Ph.D., interim co-executive director, American Institute of Biological Sciences
“Climate change has far-reaching implications to everyone on our planet, as it is tied closely with national security, economics, human health, and food security. There is consensus in the scientific community – climate is changing. Now we need policymakers to act, to invest in research to understand the effects of climate change and opportunities to mitigate its drivers, and to adapt to its impacts.”
— RADM Jonathan W. White, USN (Ret.), president and CEO, Consortium for Ocean Leadership
"Climate change poses significant challenges to natural and managed ecosystems. Now is the time for scientists and policy-makers to work together to address the issue of climate change in order to protect agricultural productivity, global food security and environmental resources."
— Harold van Es, president, Soil Science Society of America
“The environmental, social, and economic challenges posed by climate change are among the most important issues of our time. Comprehensive solutions grounded in understanding of ecological systems – our lands, waters, oceans, and atmosphere — and society are urgently needed. A sustainable future remains possible if we work together and act now.”
— Monica G. Turner, president, Ecological Society of America
“This letter, signed by a diverse set of scientific organizations, conveys the solid scientific consensus view that anthropogenic climate change is occurring. How climate change will manifest for specific geographic regions within the next decade and beyond is a topic of intense research. Statisticians are experts in making decisions when specifics aren’t clear and stand ready to work with decision-makers.”
— Jessica Utts, president, American Statistical Association
“Geological studies have demonstrated that climate has changed repeatedly in the past and that future climate change is inevitable. Understanding the complex processes involved in climate change is necessary for adaptation and mitigation.”
— Jonathan G. Price, Ph.D., CPG, President, Geological Society of America
“The reality of climate change is already upon us, and is affecting not only our lives but that of all life on earth. We must do all that we can to mitigate these effects using scientific knowledge and mobilizing society for action. It is the responsibility of our politicians to move us forward in these actions.”
—Dr. Robin L. Chazdon, executive director of the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation,
"The phenomenon of human-mediated climate change is not a matter of opinion, but of careful evaluation of data from a vast spectrum of scientific disciplines. What remains unclear is the degree to which climate change will cause environmental, social, and economic havoc. Estimates range from severe to catastrophic. We owe it to our children and to our children’s children to take bold action now so that our descendants do not pay the price for our generation’s greed.”
— Anne D. Yoder, president, Society of Systematic Biologists
“Climate change is one of the most profound challenges facing our society. Consensus on this matter is evident in the diversity of organizations that have signed this letter. Science can be a powerful tool in our efforts to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, and we stand ready to work with policymakers as they deliberate various options for action.”
— Christine McEntee, executive director/CEO of the American Geophysical Union
“Climate influences where plants and animals live. Rapid climate change will force species to find new habitat in hospitable conditions, but many species will not be able to and will go extinct. This isn’t good. It disrupts our ecosystems, which are the source for our food, and clean air and water."
-- Robert Gropp, Ph.D., interim co-executive director, American Institute of Biological Sciences
Abstract
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View all Environ. Res. Lett. video abstracts
We analyze the evolution of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, examining 11 944 climate abstracts from 1991–2011 matching the topics 'global climate change' or 'global warming'. We find that 66.4% of abstracts expressed no position on AGW, 32.6% endorsed AGW, 0.7% rejected AGW and 0.3% were uncertain about the cause of global warming. Among abstracts expressing a position on AGW, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming. In a second phase of this study, we invited authors to rate their own papers. Compared to abstract ratings, a smaller percentage of self-rated papers expressed no position on AGW (35.5%). Among self-rated papers expressing a position on AGW, 97.2% endorsed the consensus. For both abstract ratings and authors' self-ratings, the percentage of endorsements among papers expressing a position on AGW marginally increased over time. Our analysis indicates that the number of papers rejecting the consensus on AGW is a vanishingly small proportion of the published research.
Download video Transcript
View all Environ. Res. Lett. video abstracts
We analyze the evolution of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic global warming (AGW) in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, examining 11 944 climate abstracts from 1991–2011 matching the topics 'global climate change' or 'global warming'. We find that 66.4% of abstracts expressed no position on AGW, 32.6% endorsed AGW, 0.7% rejected AGW and 0.3% were uncertain about the cause of global warming. Among abstracts expressing a position on AGW, 97.1% endorsed the consensus position that humans are causing global warming. In a second phase of this study, we invited authors to rate their own papers. Compared to abstract ratings, a smaller percentage of self-rated papers expressed no position on AGW (35.5%). Among self-rated papers expressing a position on AGW, 97.2% endorsed the consensus. For both abstract ratings and authors' self-ratings, the percentage of endorsements among papers expressing a position on AGW marginally increased over time. Our analysis indicates that the number of papers rejecting the consensus on AGW is a vanishingly small proportion of the published research.