I haven't read Van's post, so I'm not sure this is on point. I agree with your first statement. The Greek
ouranos is translated both "sky" and "heaven" in the Bible. But you say they had no interstellar understanding, and that simply isn't true. The Jews received the science of the Persians both during captivity and afterwards, and the Persians had an intimate understanding of near-earth space, out to Saturn, which they, and the Romans too, for that matter, understood as a "planet" rather than a "star."Though somewhat agreeing with this, it is obvious from Paul's writing in 2 Corinthians 12:2 of being "caught up" to the third heaven that he had an understanding of three separate "heavens", the sky, interstellar space, and God's abode. This dates back all the way to Moses.
The First Heaven: Earth Atmosphere
Deuteronomy 11, (NASB)
17 Then the LORD's anger will burn against you, and He will shut the heavens so that it will not rain and the ground will yield no produce....
Deuteronomy 28
12 The LORD will open the heavens, the storehouse of His bounty, to send rain on your land in season and to bless all the work of your hands.
Judges 5
4 O LORD, when You went out from Seir, when You marched from the land of Edom, the earth shook, the heavens poured, the clouds poured down water.
Acts 14
17 Yet He has not left himself without testimony: He has shown kindness by giving you rain from heaven and crops in their seasons ...
The Second Heaven: Interstellar Space
Psalm 19
4 In the heavens He has pitched a tent for the sun...
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6 It rises at one end of the heavens and makes its circuit to the other ...
Jeremiah 8
2 They will be exposed to the sun and the moon and all the stars of the heavens which they have loved and served ...
Isaiah 13
10 The stars of heaven and their constellations will not show their light.
The Third Heaven: God's Dwelling Place
1 Kings 8
30 Then hear from heaven, Your dwelling place... [[Note: This phrase is repeated numerous tiimes in the following verses]
Psalm 2
4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs;
The LORD scoffs at them.
Matthew 5
16 In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven.
The highest heaven: The third heaven is indicated by the reference to the Throne of God being the highest heaven
1 Kings 8
27 But will God really dwell on earth? The heavens, even the highest heaven, cannot contain You.
Deut. 10
14 To the LORD your God belong the heavens, even the highest heavens, the earth and everything in it.
While the first sentence in that portion of the post is accurate, the Temple of God
in heaven is essential to the understanding of heaven. As we've seen from the many verses I've posted, the Jews had an intimate understanding of the nuances of heaven, and the Temple most assuredly exists there, but it is
in heaven, not heaven itself.