Dickens was a socialist? :laugh:Now I've heard it all!
Dickens only wrote about what he observed. But, if you want fact as opposed to fiction, then I would recommend you read the Rowntree Report into poverty of 1901 for further enlightenment.
I don't what Dickens was but I've read some of his books. He has an opinion. The thing about your throwing the name Dickens into the discussion is that I've never heard him given a voice in any SERIOUS discussion about economics.
But if you want to include novelists in the mix, I recommend a study in contrast between John Steinbeck and Erskine Caldwell. Steinbeck tends to assume that the poor are noble, oppressed, and kept in poverty by external factors.
Caldwell’s approach is much more realistic, portraying the hapless poor as victims of a complex series of maladies to include oppressive external factors such as greed and heartlessness and their own self-inflictions -their own perpetuations of ignorance, superstition, and immoralities.
While it seems to me that Dickens' opinions are better informed (or perhaps just better expressed) than Steinbeck's, yet they both fall for the simplistic view that because poverty is caused by external factors (industry, business), the solution of it lies in external factors (the state). This develops into a two-tiered, mechanized, impersonal society, for it fails to see that the essence of economics is not demand/supply, capital, distribution, etc.; but the essence of economics is people, and societies formed by people without Big Brother's interference are organic and personal in nature, and recognize that imperfections in the economy is the price of individual freedom. Along with individual freedom comes individual responsibility. This is the American way. If one must be rewarded for effort, then one must also not be rewarded for non-effort.
As for Rowntree, his definition of poverty was not economic, but scientific, and therefore it was superficial (poverty is lack of a specific caloric intake, the solution of which is an adequate wage). Well, no one in their right mind would doubt that in order to buy food and necessities of life, one's wages must be "adequate". But the question becomes, how are "adequate" wages achieved? Rowntree's solution, one which has been widely accepted even in Individualist America, is the Minimum Wage. And yet Rowntree's later studies found "unemployment" as the major contributor to poverty, replacing low wages as the culprit.
Interesting, isn't it? There seems to be a correlation - as the minimum wage goes up, the employment rate rises also. The solution? Government edict and manipulation of the market to force "full" employment along with a minimum wage. And what is the result? Profits decrease, business closures increase, the GDP drags, commodities are rationed due to short supply, innovators emigrate to America, and America becomes the greatest economic success in history (though we now live in its decline because we fail to learn from history).