• Welcome to Baptist Board, a friendly forum to discuss the Baptist Faith in a friendly surrounding.

    Your voice is missing! You will need to register to get access to all the features that our community has to offer.

    We hope to see you as a part of our community soon and God Bless!

Some of the Genetic Evidence for the Evolution of Man

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"If you look at observations of speciation events in modern times and if you look at the pattern of speciation events in the fossil record, you see that they generally occur when some portion of a population becomes isolated from the rest and they diverge."

You are making the mistake of intitially assuming that human speciation is evident or can be inferred from the human fossil record simply because there is some slight morphological variety in the contours of human fossil skulls and brain cavities ranging from 700-2000 cm as is also common today.

"Staying on topic with the human fossils, you see that throughout most of human evolution that there have been multiple species on the planet ata given time."

This is your second mistake. You are simply assuming and positing both evolution and speciation of humans according to the human fossils by interpreting a morphological continuum as a chronological one and superimposing an evolutionary scenario on diverse individuals in history as the inevitable consequence.

"The second fatal mistake you are making is suggesting that various fossils with significant anatomical differences should not be grouped into different species."

The fact of the matter is that all post-cranial fossil remains of human beings show no morphological or anatomical differences from people today and that the slight morphological variations found in human skull and jaw fossils are no more indicative of human speciation than the wide range of human physical diversity on earth today. That's why Lubenow considers all evolutionist beliefs about human speciation to be a form of scientific racism, albeit only in reference to teaching about our various human ancestors, of course.

"You keep making the assertion that we cannot know for sure that they were different species because we cannot do hybridization testing. But you ignore the significant fact that the various species of human ancestors can be grouped by very specfic anatomical differences. Each group has specific characteristics shared with each other but changed in other species."

You keep referring to the various ancestral groups of our human forebears as different and separate "species" though, just because some of their fossilized jaws and skulls show a different kind of human diversity than we observe in people today. The question which Lubenow seems to be both raising and answering in his seminal treatise on the human fossils and paleoanthropological interpretations thereof, is whether identifying, classifying, labeling and otherizing people by the shape, size and significance of their jaws, teeth and cranial cavities for "scientific" purposes is a subtle form of discrimination and racism. Having read his book several times, I tend to think that it is.

"You assert that brain size is the only one that matters and then choose a huge range of brain sizes to split all of the various fossils into just two groups for your own convenience."

You are fatally mistaken here because what you accuse me of doing is what theoretical evolutionists have been doing for over 100 years.

"You then ignore traits such as the presence and size of brow ridges, the presence of an occibital bun, the lack or presence of a chin, facial prognathism, the shape of the dental arcades, size of canine teeth, size and shape of long bones and patterns in the crests of molars to name just a few."

You're absolutely right for a change! Lubenow and I wouldn't care if someone had no brow ridges at all, an occibital bun, a chin or not, facial prognathism or jutting jaws, dental arcades, huge canine teeth, or any teeth, for that matter since people come in all shapes, sizes, shades, colors, skin tones, ear, eye and nose shapes, to name just a few of the common traits and differences humanity has always exhibited. Why anyone would want to divide us into special taxonomic groups or species based on our physical appearances is beyond me and Lubenow.

"But even if you cast this wide net and declare them all the same species, it still does not matter."

You just don't care what anybody else thinks, do you? Especially if they don't go along with your pet theories about African Eve evolving from hairy African apes once upon a time in Africa before photography was invented.

"There is still a record of change in humans that clearly shows evolution."

Where are you hiding this "record" of yours and why don't you "clearly" show the rest of us mortals on the Baptist Board exactly how some lucky African people "evolved" or "descended" from some African apes before they migrated to Georgia?

"Even if the various species were interfertile, the major changes in morphology with time are still there. Use all the semantics you want, they are still there."

Time is fleeting. Time is passing but fossils are forever. If it wasn't for semantics, the fossils couldn't speak and the meaning of evolution wouldn't change from day to day.

[Evasive answer, seeing how no transitionals have ever been discovered or 'produced.']

"Eusthenopteron, Hynerpeton, Acanthostega, Ichthyostega, Proterogyrinus, Hylonomus, Paleothyris, Hylonomus, Paleothyris, Petrolacosaurus, Araeoscelis, Protorosaurus, Prolacerta, Hyperodapedon, Trilophosaurus, Clepsydrops, Varanops, Haptodus, Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon, Procynosuchus, Thrinaxodon, Diademodon, Oligokyphus, Kayentatherium, Adelobasileus, Eozostrodon, Morganucodon, Haldanodon, Steropodon, Cimolestes, Procerberus, Gypsonictops, Deinonychus, Oviraptor, Lisboasaurus, Archeopteryx, Protoavis, Sinornis, Hesperornis, Ichthyornis, Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, Basilosaurus, Protocetes, Indocetus, Prozeuglodon, Eocetus, Dorudon, Agorophius, Aetiocetus... Just to name a very small example of some transitionals."

Nice list. Nothing to do with existentionalism or human evolution, of course.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
You are ignoring the statistics of the stiuation. The problem for you is that the fossil record of human evolution IS complete enough to show a continuum of change. It is in fact so complete that you have a hard time determining what exactly should and should not be a separate species. But if you go back in time and trace the characteristics of the population of various points in time you see definate change. The range of characteristics of "humans" at a given point in time is rather narrow compared to what you want us to do. And, as pointed out, many of the characteristics are not found at all in today's population.

You try and gloss over this by saying that "Lubenow and I wouldn't care if someone had no brow ridges at all, an occibital bun, a chin or not, facial prognathism or jutting jaws, dental arcades, huge canine teeth, or any teeth, for that matter since people come in all shapes, sizes, shades, colors, skin tones, ear, eye and nose shapes, to name just a few of the common traits and differences humanity has always exhibited." But is is an assertion without basis because it is exactly these sorts of traits in which you see change. It is exactly these sorts of traits that you see narrowly distributed at any point in time. You only way of claiming that all these fossils should be considered as simply modern humans is by proclaiming that we should cast our net so widely that you end up with allowable ranges for modern human that are well outside anything seen in the population at any point in time. You have NO justification for such an arbitrary declaration.

All you can do is play a semantic game without providing any justification.

I have an analogy for you. You claim that there is no evidence that multiple species with the same common ancestor can live at the same time. So, describe for us the origin of the observed species of equines roaming the planet today. There exist various species of horse, zebra, donkey, etc. I know of at least about 15 such species. These cannot all make fertile offspring between themselves, so they meet your definition of species. So, unless you subscribe to the concept where all "kinds" were created at the species level, then this modern example disproves your assertion about multiple species from the same ancestor.
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"The problem for you is that the fossil record of human evolution IS complete enough to show a continuum of change."

The problem for you though is that Lubenow shows how your perceived "continuum of change" is simply the result of artificially arranging a great variety of morphologically diversified human skulls in an evolutionary sequence which avoids morphological reversals such as Homo sapiens cranial capicity becoming smaller than the Neanderthals or gracile habilis advancing to robust erectus types and then reverting into gracile sapiens again.

"It is in fact so complete that you have a hard time determining what exactly should and should not be a separate species."

That's exactly what Lubenow says because the true test of human specieshood by definition is the lack of interfertility between humans and other animals. Human brain size, intelligence, skull differences, cultural achievements and other physical or social differences are no sign or indication that certain other humans deserve to be classified as either a separate race or species in human history. That's why Lubenow considers any hypothesis or "theory" about human speciation or evolution from "other" species to be a modern form of historical and scientific racism. You might say it's his pet theory about human evolutionists or their pet "theories" about humans.

"But if you go back in time and trace the characteristics of the population of various points in time you see definate change."

Fortunately, we can't go back in time to trace the characteristics of any human population and must rely on historical written documents or the fossil record of humanity itself, which only shows the same principle of variety and diversity evidenced in the human fossil skulls as we witness today throughout the world in the great variety and diversity of facial features, languages, religions, social traditions and political multiculturalism.

"The range of characteristics of "humans" at a given point in time is rather narrow compared to what you want us to do. And, as pointed out, many of the characteristics are not found at all in today's population."

Maybe there were no Mongoloids, Negroids or Caucasoids 200 millenia ago either.

"You try and gloss over this by saying that "Lubenow and I wouldn't care if someone had no brow ridges at all etc... But is is an assertion without basis because it is exactly these sorts of traits in which you see change.

Microevolutionist changes in human appearances don't create any new human species.

"You only way of claiming that all these fossils should be considered as simply modern humans is by proclaiming that we should cast our net so widely that you end up with allowable ranges for modern human that are well outside anything seen in the population at any point in time. You have NO justification for such an arbitrary declaration."

Why not, since the human fossil record also confirms great human variety and diversity throughout human history?

"All you can do is play a semantic game without providing any justification."

The justification for regarding all human ancestors as fully human if not perfect, is to avoid charges of historical and scientific racism being laid on our doorstep.

"I have an analogy for you. You claim that there is no evidence that multiple species with the same common ancestor can live at the same time."

That's Lubenows' claim about what African Eve speculators assert about our ancestors, since they contend that modern Homo sapiens types migrated out of Africa once upon a time and REPLACED all other living human "species" on earth.

"So, describe for us the origin of the observed species of equines roaming the planet today."

Sorry, I'm not interested in horse life.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
Dude, you cannot claim that the human fossils are all just normal variations within the the modern form when you cannot show that modern humans contain all of the variation seen in the fossil record. You are casting a much wider net than you can justify. It is as simple as that. You cannot demonstrate your assertion that the variation seen in the fossil record is also seen in the current population so you instead play a game of semantics. It is not fooling anyone.

"Microevolutionist changes in human appearances don't create any new human species."

ALL change is micro. Enough micro and you get macro change, however. There is nothing to stop it. Once you admit change, you have lost the battle.

"Sorry, I'm not interested in horse life."

It does not matter if you are interested in horses or not. YOu asserted that there is not evidence that multiple species can come from the same ancestor. The approximately 15 living species of equines shows otherwise. Most YEers would say that there was an original horse "kind" from which these variations came. That goes against your assertion. Are they wrong? Is each species on the planet a separate creation and "kind?" If so, then you do not even allow for the micro changes that other YEers do. You have painted yourself into a corner.

Not that I now expect you to answer the horse question. You cannot do so without undermining yourself. It is so fun watching YEers twist themselves into the ground trying to run around and not get cornered by the facts.
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"Dude, you cannot claim that the human fossils are all just normal variations within the the modern form when you cannot show that modern humans contain all of the variation seen in the fossil record."

Why not, dude? Who's making the rules?

"You are casting a much wider net than you can justify."

I already told your our justification was to avoid charges of racism and you failed to address it.

"It is as simple as that."

That's right.

"You cannot demonstrate your assertion that the variation seen in the fossil record is also seen in the current population so you instead play a game of semantics."

You're the one playing semantics when as much facial variation and diversity is seen in people today as is seen in the morphological record of human fossils, dude.

"ALL change is micro. Enough micro and you get macro change, however. There is nothing to stop it. Once you admit change, you have lost the battle."

Not true. Human events and people change all the time but African apes never turn into people. Sorry, you lose.

"YOu asserted that there is not evidence that multiple species can come from the same ancestor."

Only in terms of the human fossil record not showing any evidence that multiple human species came from the same ancestor.

"The approximately 15 living species of equines shows otherwise."

That's evolution for you. Change the subject from men to horses.

"You have painted yourself into a corner."

And you're in the other corner without any paint left.

"It is so fun watching YEers twist themselves into the ground trying to run around and not get cornered by the facts."

Sounds like something the Marquis de Sade might have enjoyed watching too.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
Come back when you can support your assertions.

I gave you a sampling of several types of characteristics that are observed to be different between the full range of the current human population and the fossil populations. Some of these are differences in specific morphology and some of these are specific items that are present in one population or the other but not all.

Your response, since you cannot justify your main assertion that the variation seen in the fossil record is no different that that seen today, is to say that you do not care about such characteristics. Obviously you cannot do so because they undermine your position. So you handwave them away and hope no one notices. Well these characteristics go to the heart of you argument and refute it. Let me know when you can actually show that all the variation seen in the fossil record can be shown to be present in the curent population.

You also make your bold assertion that there is no evidence that a single species can leave multiple descendent species. When I give a strong example of just such an observation you again are forced to handwave and ignore.

You also are forced to completely ignore all the molecular and genetic data tying us to the other apes.

I think, based on your posts in this thread and previous posts, that you in truth have zero interest in debate. Instead, you seem to derive some sort of pleasure from riding a hobby horse through vague and unsupported assertions in an attempt to frustrate your opponent. You don't attempt to win with facts, you attempt to win through sheer boredom and frustration.

Come back when you have the facts to support your assertions. Let's start by showing the populations of modern humans with brow ridges and occipital buns.
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"Let me know when you can actually show that all the variation seen in the fossil record can be shown to be present in the curent population. Let's start by showing the populations of modern humans with brow ridges and occipital buns."

People today show different forms of facial variation and cultural diversity than people who lived during the Ice Age did. The point you seem to be trying to avoid with evasive answers and irrelevent questions is that physically observable variation and diversity amongst humankind (past or present) is not evidentially attributable to either human speciation or evolution from ancestral African apes.

The notion, idea or belief of distinct, unique and separate human races and species in history is an archaic social relic and myth left over from the outmoded philosophies of the 19th and 20th Centuries.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
While jcrawford seems to be trying to confuse people with discussions of "facial variation and cultural diversity" while the scientific discussion is on much more significant physical differences and while he tries to avoid any discussion on a topic that refutes his assertion (and the key assertion of his source, Lubenow) that multiple species cannot come from the same ancestor, we will return to the actual topic of the thread. (Which, BTW, jcrawford has also been unable to address.)

http://www.biology.lsa.umich.edu/courses/bio390/pag01.pdf

"Catarrhine Phylogeny: Noncoding DNA Evidence for a Diphyletic Origin of the Mangabeys and for a Human–Chimpanzee Clade," S. L. Page* and M. Goodman, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 18, No. 1, January, pp. 14–25, 2001.

Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of two of the serum albumin gene’s intron sequences from 24 catarrhines (17 cercopithecid and 7 hominid) and 3 platyrrhines (an outgroup to the catarrhines) yielded results on catarrhine phylogeny that are congruent with those obtained with noncoding sequences of the g1–g2 globin gene genomic region.
...
In turn, the hominid branch of catarrhines at ;18 Ma divided into Hylobatini (gibbons and siamangs) and Hominini; at ;14 Ma, Hominini divided into Pongina (orangutans) and Hominina; at ;7 Ma, Hominina divided into Gorilla and Homo; and at ;6–5 Ma, Homo divided subgenerically into H. (Homo) for humans and H. (Pan) for common and bonobo chimpanzees.
Emphasis added.

Once again we see that genetic testing, even from non-coding regions of DNA, consistently yield phylogenies consistent with that expected from other sources. There is no other logical explanation for this other than common descent.
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"Hominina divided into Gorilla and Homo; and at ;6–5 Ma, Homo divided subgenerically into H. (Homo) for humans and H. (Pan) for common and bonobo chimpanzees."

Since there is still no physically observable and demonstrable evidence of any non-human creatures turning into human beings at any time in Africa, Lubenow is correct in characterizing attempts by geneticists to associate African gorillas and bonobo chimps with the original African people on earth as scientific and ancestral racism.

"Once again we see that genetic testing, even from non-coding regions of DNA, consistently yield phylogenies consistent with that expected from other sources."

What other sources? There are none.

"There is no other logical explanation for this other than common descent."

A more logical explanation would be the common confusion created when demonstrable practical science and science fiction fantasies are confused with each other and some people find something in common with both to believe in.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
"Since there is still no physically observable and demonstrable evidence of any non-human creatures turning into human beings at any time in Africa, Lubenow is correct in characterizing attempts by geneticists to associate African gorillas and bonobo chimps with the original African people on earth as scientific and ancestral racism. "

That is an unjustified personal attack on the scientists. Since it is believed that most of human evolution has taken place in Africa and that therefore we are all African, it does not even make sense to suggest that they are doing anyhthing racist unless they have a very low sense of self worth. Such a suggestion is laughable.

The genetic evidence presented on this thread provides a very reliable data set pointing to the ancestral connection between humans and the other apes. That the fossil record concurs is an added bonus but is unnecessary in establishing our descent in common with the other apes.

"What other sources? There are none."

You really should have been reading the thread when I was posting the information previously instead of making silly remarks in response.

But, as it turns out, each genetic and molecular commonality provides a separate and distinct independent confirmation. Let's mention a few of these since you did not seem to notice what they were the first time around.

The very first post used 57 such independent genetic markers. These segments included "Y-linked noncoding regions, pseudogenes, autosomal intergenic regions, X-linked noncoding regions, synonymous sites, introns, and nonsynonymous sites." Their conclusion was that they "supports the Homo-Pan clade with a 100% bootstrap value." This is a mathematical measure of the agreement of the various data sets. 100%!

The next subject was chimeric retrogenes. In this case 12 different such genes were used. Again the results agreed with those from other sources.

The next genetic marker used was retroviral DNA inserts. This study also used 12 different such sequences. Again, the results agreed with other methods. Another reference used 3 different such inserts. Another reference used a family of similar sequences called LTRs to establish the same findings.

Another reference looked at a non-coding region known as the psi eta-globin gene locus. Again, the results matched.

Another reference looked at another class of genetic marker. These are paralogs, genes that have been duplicated, and the results again matched.

Another source used orthologous noncoding nucleotide sequences from primate beta-globin gene clusters and came up with the same results.

Another reference used TSPY genes from Y-chromosomal DNA and came up with the same results.

Another used cytochrome b and got the same results.

And this excludes such things as atavisms and anatomical vestiges.

"A more logical explanation would be the common confusion created when demonstrable practical science and science fiction fantasies are confused with each other and some people find something in common with both to believe in."

Evasive. Your response makes no attempt at explaining the data. You are merely trying to handwave and hope no one notices that you are not actually addressing anything nor putting any new facts into the discussion. Do you have a real answer as to why we repeatedly see the same results whether you are looking and fossils or various types of coding DNA or various types of non-coding DNA?
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"That is an unjustified personal attack on the scientists."

It's not an unjustified personal attack on the scientists at all. I am merely supporting Lubenow's theories about evolutionist concepts of human descent from non-human African animals being a form of scientific and ancestral racism.

"Since it is believed that most of human evolution has taken place in Africa and that therefore we are all African, it does not even make sense to suggest that they are doing anyhthing racist unless they have a very low sense of self worth."

What makes you assume that scientists must have a "very low sense of self worth" if they believe that their human ancestors evolved from some African ape look-alikes?

"Such a suggestion is laughable."

Human evolution from hairy ancestors of non-human African apes is also laughable.

"The genetic evidence presented on this thread provides a very reliable data set pointing to the ancestral connection between humans and the other apes."

No it doesn't. You're just making a racist association between African apes and people once upon a time in African Eve's evolutionist history.

"That the fossil record concurs is an added bonus but is unnecessary in establishing our descent in common with the other apes.":

According to Lubenow, neither genetics nor the human fossil record can demonstrably show any biological descent of humans from African ape ancestors. Lubenow proves that all such psychological associations of apes with humans are purely racist in context on the part of human evolutionists.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
SO now I am a racist, too?

I do not expect you to support this any better than you have any of your other claims. The fact remains that since we all have our ancestry in Africa, if these guys are being racist, as you claim, then it is quite unclear who the object of their racist beliefs would be. EVERYONE is African, ultimately, so they would have to be biased against EVERYONE. Laughable.

You also continue your MO of merely handwaving and making unsupported assertions. I hope Lubenow makes a better case than you do.

The fact remains that we have a rich set of genetic, moeleculr, anatomincal and fossil data that all point to the common descent of humanswith the other apes. The fact that you have to resort to distractions from the facts, attacks on the motives of the workers and vague unsupported assertions shows that you do not have a case to be made against the facts in the case. You must know so at this point or you would have given us some sort of facts and logic instead of you verbal meanderings.

But, just like you cannot support your assertion that the physical traits of the purported ancestors of modern humans fall within the range seen in modern humans, you also cannot give us any other explantitve reason for the genetic and molecular facts. Instead you continue your tactic of trying to annoy and bore your audience and opponent through the use of vagueness rather than entering into any kind of real, factual discussion. I guess when you have no facts to support your case, you are forced to make up something in an attempt to make it look like a good show.
 

jcrawford

New Member
QUOTE = Originally posted by UTEOTW:

"SO now I am a racist, too?"

Lubenow doesn't call modern evolutionists racists. He just shows how the concepts, hypotheses and "theories" of evolution have been and continue to be racist when applied to either descendents or ancestors of human beings in the past.

"I do not expect you to support this any better than you have any of your other claims. The fact remains that since we all have our ancestry in Africa, if these guys are being racist, as you claim, then it is quite unclear who the object of their racist beliefs would be. EVERYONE is African, ultimately, so they would have to be biased against EVERYONE. Laughable."

Laughable but true, since to hypothesize as fact that EVERYONE is ultimately Asian or European, or that EVERYONE is ultimately of Mongoloid or Caucasoid ancestry and descent would be an equally racist suggestion.

"You also continue your MO of merely handwaving and making unsupported assertions. I hope Lubenow makes a better case than you do."

Lubenow's a pro, while I remain a rank amateur.

"The fact remains that we have a rich set of genetic, moeleculr, anatomincal and fossil data that all point to the common descent of humanswith the other apes."

Inferring "the common descent of humans with the other apes" while denying the full humanity of Neanderthal people and some common descent from them today is a form scientific and ancestral racism.

"The fact that you have to resort to distractions from the facts, attacks on the motives of the workers and vague unsupported assertions shows that you do not have a case to be made against the facts in the case. "

Your interpretation and presentation of "the facts" is racially prejudiced by your evolutionist assumption that Neanderthal people were not fully human and were thus incapable of having fruitful sexual intercourse with more highly evolved and refined Homo sapiens "species" migrating 'out of Africa.'

"You must know so at this point or you would have given us some sort of facts and logic instead of you verbal meanderings."

The dialectics of progressive evolutionist thought revolve around a reasonable exchange of intellectual opinions and arguments regarding different POV's, not blind and dogmatic assertions of what the FACTS are, since facts only come into existance through the dialectical process of socially acceptable representation and refutation.

"But, just like you cannot support your assertion that the physical traits of the purported ancestors of modern humans fall within the range seen in modern humans, you also cannot give us any other explantitve reason for the genetic and molecular facts."

The variation and diversity of the physical traits of our ancestor's skulls are different than the variation and diversity observered in human beings today. Instead of judging and classifying people by their differences today, evolutionists judge and classify our ancestors in terms of evolutionary racism according to Lubenow. I tend to agree with him since there is no testable or demonstrable experiment which could provide observable evidence that my male Neanderthal and Homo erectus relatives weren't fully human insofar as they could not happily mate and sexually reproduce scientifically acceptable children with each other or with any good-looking Homo sapiens chick that might wander into their environment, for that matter.

"Instead you continue your tactic of trying to annoy and bore your audience and opponent through the use of vagueness rather than entering into any kind of real, factual discussion.'

Do you really find the idea, concept and belief in Cro-Magnon Man's sexual attraction to sexy Nordic Neanderthal women so odious as to consider it "annoying and boring?" Why is that? Does it imply and 'infer' the possibilty of some neolitic Neanderthal hulk grabbing some sexy African Eve immigrant upon her imminent arrival upon Europe shores without a passport and suggesting they 'do it' despite the consequences for French imagery and imagination in European and evolutionist history?

"I guess when you have no facts to support your case, you are forced to make up something in an attempt to make it look like a good show."

Shakespeare took the "facts" of history and wrote whatever the hell he wanted to. Why can't other literary creationists like Darwin, Lubenow and myself do the same today should we be so genetically endowed, disposed and ordered to do so?
 

UTEOTW

New Member
Once again, come back when you have some facts to add to the discussion. This unsupported assertions are rather boring. You have no answer for the change in physical traits with time of the human ancestors and you have no answer for the genetic data either. You argue throguh vague assertions and hand waving. Yet you never offer nothing new, factual or logical.
 

OldRegular

Well-Known Member
What Evolutionists Think Ebout Evolution.

There are scientists all over the world who know that evolutionary theory is bankrupt. Such men as *Charles Darwin, *Thomas and *Julian Huxley, and *Steven Jay Gould have admitted it. But you will not find these statements in the popular press. Such admissions are only made to fellow professionals. [source: http://www.pathlights.com/]

An asterisk ( * ) by a name indicates that person is not known to be a creationist. Of over 4,000 quotations in the set of books this Encyclopedia is based on only 164 statements are by creationists.

"Paleontologists [fossil experts] have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we almost never see the very process we profess to study."—* Steven Jay Gould, The Panda's Thumb (1982), pp. 181-182 [Harvard professor and the leading evolutionary spokesman of the latter half of the twentieth century].

"The problem of the origin of species has not advanced in the last 150 years. One hundred and fifty years have already passed during which it has been said that the evolution of the species is a fact but, without giving real proofs of it and without even a principle of explaining it. During the last one hundred and fifty years of research that has been carried out along this line [in order to prove the theory], there has been no discovery of anything. It is simply a repetition in different ways of what Darwin said in 1859. This lack of results is unforgivable in a day when molecular biology has really opened the veil covering the mystery of reproduction and heredity . .

Finally, there is only one attitude which is possible as I have just shown: It consists in affirming that intelligence comes before life. Many people will say this is not science, it is philosophy. The only thing I am interested in is fact, and this conclusion comes out of an analysis and observation of the facts."
—* G. Salet, Hasard et Certitude: Le Transformisme devant la Biologie Actuelle (1973), p. 331.

"The theories of evolution, with which our studious youth have been deceived, constitute actually a dogma that all the world continues to teach; but each, in his specialty, the zoologist or the botanist, ascertains that none of the explanations furnished is adequate . . It results from this summary, that the theory of evolution is impossible."—* P. Lemoine, "Introduction: De L' Evolution?" Encyclopedie Francaise, Vol. 5 (1937), p. 6.

"Darwinism is a creed not only with scientists committed to document the all-purpose role of natural selection. It is a creed with masses of people who have at best a vague notion of the mechanism of evolution as proposed by Darwin, let alone as further complicated by his successors. Clearly, the appeal cannot be that of a scientific truth but of a philosophical belief which is not difficult to identify. Darwinism is a belief in the meaninglessness of existence."—* R. Kirk, "The Rediscovery of Creation," in National Review, (May 27, 1983), p. 641.

"I have always been slightly suspicious of the theory of evolution because of its ability to account for any property of living beings (the long neck of the giraffe, for example). I have therefore tried to see whether biological discoveries over the last thirty years or so fit in with Darwin's theory. I do not think that they do. To my mind, the theory does not stand up at all."—* H. Lipson, "A Physicist Looks at Evolution," Physic Bulletin, 31 (1980), p. 138.

"Evolution is baseless and quite incredible."—* John Ambrose Fleming, President, British Association for Advancement of Science, in The Unleashing of Evolutionary Thought.

"Unfortunately, in the field of evolution most explanations are not good. As a matter of fact, they hardly qualify as explanations at all; they are suggestions, hunches, pipe dreams, hardly worthy of being called hypotheses."— * Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried (1971), p. 147.

"This general tendency to eliminate, by means of unverifiable speculations, the limits of the categories Nature presents to us, is the inheritance of biology from The Origin of Species. To establish the continuity required by theory, historical arguments are invoked, even though historical evidence is lacking. Thus are engendered those fragile towers of hypothesis based on hypothesis, where fact and fiction intermingle in an inextricable confusion."—* W.R. Thompson, "Introduction," to Everyman's Library issue of *Charles Darwin's, Origin of Species (1956 edition).

"`Scientists who go about teaching that evolution is a fact of life are great con men, and the story they are telling may be the greatest hoax ever. In explaining evolution we do not have one iota of fact.' A tangled mishmash of guessing games and figure juggling [Tahmisian called it]."—* The Fresno Bee, August 20, 1959, p. 1-B [quoting T.N. Tahmisian, physiologist for the Atomic Energy Commission].

"`The theory [of evolution] is a scientific mistake.' "—* Louis Agassiz, quoted in H. Enoch, Evolution or Creation, (1966), p. 139. [Agassiz was a Harvard University professor and the pioneer in glaciation.]

"[In Darwin's writings] possibilities were assumed to add up to probability, and probabilities then were promoted to certitudes."—* Agassiz, op. cit., p. 335.

"The origin of all diversity among living beings remains a mystery as totally unexplained as if the book of Mr. Darwin had never been written, for no theory unsupported by fact, however plausible it may appear, can be admitted in science."—* L. Agassiz on the Origin of Species, American Journal of Science, 30 (1860), p. 154. [Darwin's book was published in 1859.]

"[Darwin could] summon up enough general, vague and conjectural reasons to account for this fact, and if these were not taken seriously, he could come up with a different, but equally general, vague and conjectural set of reasons."—* Gertrude Himmelfarb, Darwin and Darwinian Revolution (1968), p. 319.

"Ultimately the Darwinian theory of evolution is no more nor less than the great cosmogenic myth of the twentieth century . . the origin of life and of new beings on earth is still largely as enigmatic as when Darwin set sail on the [ship] Beagle."—* Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (1986), p. 358.

"It has been estimated that no fewer than 800 phrases in the subjunctive mood (such as `Let us assume,' or `We may well suppose,' etc.) are to be found between the covers of Darwin's Origin of Species alone."—L. Merson Davies [British scientist], Modern Science (1953), p. 7.

"I can envision observations and experiments that would disprove any evolutionary theory I know."—* Stephen Jay Gould, "Evolution as Fact and Theory," Discover 2(5):34-37 (1981).


"Unfortunately for Darwin's future reputation, his life was spent on the problem of evolution which is deductive by nature . . It is absurd to expect that many facts will not always be irreconcilable with any theory of evolution and, today, every one of his theories is contradicted by facts."—* P.T. Mora, The Dogma of Evolution, p. 194.

"Darwinism is a creed not only with scientists committed to document the all-purpose role of natural selection. It is a creed with masses of people who have, at best, a vague notion of the mechanism of evolution as proposed by Darwin, let alone as further complicated by his successors."—* S. Jaki, Cosmos and Creator (1982).

"In essence, we contend that neo-Darwinism is a theory of differential survival and not one of origin . .

"We are certainly not arguing here that differential survival of whole organisms does not occur. This must inevitably happen [i.e. some species become extinct]. The question that we must ask is, does this represent the controlling dynamic of organic evolution? Cannot a similar argument be equally well-constructed to `explain' any frequency distribution? For example, consider rocks which vary in hardness and also persist through time. Clearly the harder rocks are better `adapted' to survive harsh climatic conditions. As Lewontin points out, a similar story can be told about political parties, rumors, jokes, stars, and discarded soft drink containers."
—* A.J. Hughes and *D. Lambert, "Functionalism, Structuralism, `Ways of Seeing,' " Journal of Theoretical Biology, 787 (1984), pp. 796-797.

"Biologists have indeed built their advances in evolutionary theory on the Darwinian foundation, not realizing that the foundation is about to topple because of Darwin's three mistakes.

"George Bernard Shaw wisecracked once that Darwin had the luck to please everybody who had an axe to grind. Well, I also have an axe to grind, but I am not pleased. We have suffered through two world wars and are threatened by an Armageddon. We have had enough of the Darwinian fallacy."
—* Kenneth Hsu, "Reply," Geology, 15 (1987), p. 177.

"Therefore, a grotesque account of a period some thousands of years ago is taken seriously though it be built by piling special assumptions on special assumptions, ad hoc hypothesis [invented for a purpose] on ad hoc hypothesis, and tearing apart the fabric of science whenever it appears convenient. The result is a fantasia which is neither history nor science."—* James Conant [chemist and former president, Harvard University], quoted in Origins Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1982, p. 2.

"It is inherent in any definition of science that statements that cannot be checked by observation are not really saying anything—or at least they are not science."—* George G. Simpson, "The Nonprevalence of Humanoids," in Science, 143 (1964) p. 770.

"In accepting evolution as fact, how many biologists pause to reflect that science is built upon theories that have been proved by experiment to be correct or remember that the theory of animal evolution has never been thus approved."—* L.H. Matthews, "Introduction," Origin of Species, Charles Darwin (1971 edition).

"Present-day ultra-Darwinism, which is so sure of itself, impresses incompletely informed biologists, misleads them, and inspires fallacious interpretations . .

"Through use and abuse of hidden postulates, of bold, often ill-founded extrapolations, a pseudoscience has been created. It is taking root in the very heart of biology and is leading astray many biochemists and biologists, who sincerely believe that the accuracy of fundamental concepts has been demonstrated, which is not the case."
—* Pierre P. de Grasse, The Evolution of Living Organisms (1977), p. 202.

"The over-riding supremacy of the myth [of evolution] has created a widespread illusion that the theory of evolution was all but proved one hundred years ago and that all subsequent biological research—paleontological, zoological and in the newer branches of genetics and molecular biology—has provided ever-increasing evidence for Darwinian ideas. Nothing could be further from the truth.

[In a letter to Asa Gray, a Harvard professor of biology, Darwin wrote:] "I am quite conscious that my speculations run quite beyond the bounds of true science."
—* Charles Darwin, quoted in *N.C. Gillespie, Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation (1979), p. 2 [University of Chicago book].

"The fact is that the evidence was so patchy one hundred years ago that even Darwin himself had increasing doubts as to the validity of his views, and the only aspect of his theory which has received any support over the past century is where it applies to micro-evolutionary phenomena. His general theory, that all life on earth had originated and evolved by a gradual successive accumulation of fortuitous mutations, is still, as it was in Darwin's time, a highly speculative hypothesis entirely without direct factual support and very far from that self-evident axiom some of its more aggressive advocates would have us believe."—* Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis (1986), p. 77.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
My Brother

Please do not get caught up in the web of quote mining. It is one of the most despicable of the tactics of the young earth leaders. Generally, the quotes are taken out of context and the meaning changes completely when the context is returned. That makes the selective quoting the same thing as lying. Quote mining is a tactic straight from the bowels of Hell, devised and orchestrated by Satan himself, used to discredit Christians.

(Note to readers: The best thing you can do if you are presented with such apparently damning quotes is to ask to see the quote in the context of the couple of paragraphs before and after the given quote. I can almost gaurantee that no one will give you such information if asked and you can take that as an implicit sign of the veracity of the quotes. If you do see the quote in context, generally the meaning will change.)

A second point to be made is that many of the people on your list are not biologists and therefore have no standing to even comment on evolution in an authoritive way. Using quotes from them is a fallacious appeal to authority.

Third, as an observation on the honesty of your source, notice that Michael Denton is included. He has subsequent to the quote in question come out with an entire book repudiating his earlier claims that are used as the basis of the quote. Furthermore, though he was writing as a creationists at the time of the quote used, the author obviously is aware of Denton's change is stance because he is labeled as an evolutionist.

Fourth, any quote does nothing to address the veracity of the data in question. This is science. The data is what matters, not what opinions you can find. The quotes thus presented do nothing to address the data shown on this thread which provide a near air-tight case for the common descent of humans and the other apes. Nor do they address the conundrum for a young earth paradigm posed by the data.

For fun, let's look at a few of the quotes.

Gould first. Let's put it in context by adding the proceeding and following paragraphs.

Darwin's argument still persists as the favored escape of most paleontologists from the embarrassment of a record that seems to show so little of evolution [directly]. In exposing its cultural and methodological roots, I wish in no way to impugn the potential validity of gradualism (for all general views have similar roots). I only wish to point out that it is never "seen" in the rocks.

Paleontologists have paid an exorbitant price for Darwin's argument. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life's history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection we view our data as so bad that we never see the very process we profess to study.

For several years, Niles Eldredge of the American Museum of Natural History and I have been advocating a resolution to this uncomfortable paradox. We believe that Huxley was right in his warning [1]. The modern theory of evolution does not require gradual change. In fact, the operation of Darwinian processes should yield exactly what we see in the fossil record.
Gould is so easy to quote out of context because he is an advocate of puncuated equilibrium. PE basically says that most change takes place in relatively small and isolated groups and over very short preiods of time. In setting up his theory, he often talks about the lack of species to species transitions in the fossil record and thus leaves himself open to quote mining such as was done in this case.

But, if you look at the last paragraph, it becomes obvious that Gould has no problem with either evolution or the fossil record. It is the idea of gradualism to which he rightly objects. Indeed, Gould has said in another context "Since we proposed punctuated equilibria to explain trends, it is infuriating to be quoted again and again by creationists—whether through design or stupidity, I do not know—as admitting that the fossil record includes no transitional forms. Transitional forms are generally lacking at the species level, but they are abundant between larger groups." From Hen's Teeth and Horse's Toes.

"Evolution is baseless and quite incredible."—* John Ambrose Fleming, President, British Association for Advancement of Science, in The Unleashing of Evolutionary Thought.

This is a good one since ICR actually lists this guy as a creationists ( http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-103.htm ) and your source says otherwise. They should really get their stories straight.

"I can envision observations and experiments that would disprove any evolutionary theory I know."—* Stephen Jay Gould, "Evolution as Fact and Theory," Discover 2(5):34-37 (1981).

THis is a very good quote as it shows that evolution really is a falsifiable theory based on observation. Quite unlike young earth creationism which will not provide us with any testable predictions and therefore is not science. Or would you care to give a few examples of data that you think would falsify YE?

"`The theory [of evolution] is a scientific mistake.' "—* Louis Agassiz, quoted in H. Enoch, Evolution or Creation, (1966), p. 139. [Agassiz was a Harvard University professor and the pioneer in glaciation.]

Another guy listed on ICR's list of creationists yet marked here as not. Did your source check its facts before putting out this list?

Well, I have to go to work. Please, by the time I return, could you do as I suggested above and supply a few paragraphs both before and after each of your quotes so that we can check their context? This is very necessary when you are trying to make someone appear to say something with which intuition tells you they would not be expected to agree. A failure to provide the context will be taken as an admission that you, too, believe the quotes to be inaccurate when in context. You may also want to scrutinize the names marked as evolutionists and be sure that a few more YEers were not slipped in there trying to get one, or several, past us.
 

UTEOTW

New Member
Oh, BTW, here is the specific conundrum to which I referred.

http://www.baptistboard.com/ubb/ultimatebb.php/topic/66/19.html#000005

"There is another complication that arises when looking at these examples. Let me use the retroviral DNA insertions as an example.

As shown above, humans and the other apes and primates share insertions that demonstrate their common ancestry. (The quote is "Therefore, an ERV locus shared by two or more species is descended from a single integration event and is proof that the species share a common ancestor into whose germ line the original integration took place.") In a young earth hypothesis, this is a major problem. You would have to assume that the humans and all the "kinds" (whatever that may be) of primates and apes were infected by the same combination of virii, that they all inserted the exact same sequence in the same place, and that all these insertions were fixed into the various species.

Furthermore, since these insertions are common between essentially all humans, in a young earth they all must have taken place in the (about) ten generations between the creation and the last common ancestor (Noah) and none have taken place since. Unlikely.
"
 

OldRegular

Well-Known Member
Originally posted by UTEOTW:
My Brother

Please do not get caught up in the web of quote mining. It is one of the most despicable of the tactics of the young earth leaders. Generally, the quotes are taken out of context and the meaning changes completely when the context is returned. That makes the selective quoting the same thing as lying. Quote mining is a tactic straight from the bowels of Hell, devised and orchestrated by Satan himself, used to discredit Christians.

(Note to readers: The best thing you can do if you are presented with such apparently damning quotes is to ask to see the quote in the context of the couple of paragraphs before and after the given quote. I can almost gaurantee that no one will give you such information if asked and you can take that as an implicit sign of the veracity of the quotes. If you do see the quote in context, generally the meaning will change.)

A second point to be made is that many of the people on your list are not biologists and therefore have no standing to even comment on evolution in an authoritive way. Using quotes from them is a fallacious appeal to authority.

Third, as an observation on the honesty of your source, notice that Michael Denton is included. He has subsequent to the quote in question come out with an entire book repudiating his earlier claims that are used as the basis of the quote. Furthermore, though he was writing as a creationists at the time of the quote used, the author obviously is aware of Denton's change is stance because he is labeled as an evolutionist.

Fourth, any quote does nothing to address the veracity of the data in question. This is science. The data is what matters, not what opinions you can find. The quotes thus presented do nothing to address the data shown on this thread which provide a near air-tight case for the common descent of humans and the other apes. Nor do they address the conundrum for a young earth paradigm posed by the data.

Four points:

1. If my memory is correct UTEOTW is not a biologist but a coal researcher. Not that biologists are uniquely qualified to testify to the truth or falsity of macro-evolution.

2. Also if my memory is correct UTEOTW argued earlier in a post that micro-evolution results in macro-cvolution. This is apparently a new theory and is pure nonsense.

3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics has more to say about evolution than biologists.

"There are at least three aspects or ways to express the Second Law, all of which are particularly significant in any so-called evolutionary process. It should also be noted that the Second Law is applicable for either closed or open systems.

[Classical Thermodynamics] As a measure of the increased unavailability of the energy of a system for useful work. .
[Statistical Thermodynamics] As a measure of the increased disorder, randomness, or probability of the arrangement of the components of the system.
[Informational thermodynamics] As a measure of the increasingly confused information in the transmission of the coded message through a system.


"In so-called Classical Thermodynamics, the Second Law , like the First, is formulated in terms of energy:

“It is in the transformation process that Nature appears to exact a penalty and this is here the second principle makes its appearance. For every naturally occurring transformation of energy is accompanied, somewhere, by a loss in the availability of energy for the future performance of work.” R. B. Lindsay. Entropy Consumption and Values in Physical Science, American Scientist, vol.47 [September 1959]. page 378; as quoted in The Modern Creation Trilogy, page 131, Volume 2.

A second way of stating the entropy law is in terms of Statistical Thermodynamics.

“All real processes go with an increase of entropy. The entropy also measures the randomness, or lack of orderliness of the system; the greater the randomness, the greater the entropy.” Harold Blum, Perspectives in Evolution, American Scientist [October 1955] page 595; as quoted in The Modern Creation Trilogy, pages 132, 133, Volume 2.

The equivalence of entropy in the classical and statistical context is implied in the following:

“Each quantity of energy has a characteristic quality called entropy associated with it. The entropy measures the degree of disorder associated with the energy. Energy must always flow in such a direction that the entropy increases.” Freeman L. Dyson, Energy in the Universe, Scientific American, vol 224 [September 1971], page 52; as quoted in The Modern Creation Trilogy, page 134, Volume 2.

Similarly, the equivalence of these concepts with the information concept is recognized:

“It is certain that the conceptual connection between information and the Second Law of Thermodynamics is now firmly established.” Myron Tribus and Edward C. McIrvine. Energy and Information, Scientific American, vol 224 [September 1971], page 52; as quoted in The Modern Creation Trilogy, page 134, Volume 2.

4. WHY IS IT THAT QUOTATIONS FROM GROUPS THAT SUPPORT THE BIBLICAL RECORD OF CREATION ARE IMMEDIATELY DISMISSED AS LIES, THOUGH MANY OF THE QUOTES COME FROM THOSE WHO DO NOT BELIEVE IN CREATION, WHILE ANY PRONOUNCEMENT BY ANYONE WHO SUPPORTS EVOLUTION IS GREETED AS IF IT WERE WRITTEN IN STONE BY THE FINGER OF GOD?
 

UTEOTW

New Member
So why did you not provide the context for all those quotes? Are they all honest quotes? Then give us the context to prove that how they are presented is what the author intended.

"WHY IS IT THAT QUOTATIONS FROM GROUPS THAT SUPPORT THE BIBLICAL RECORD OF CREATION ARE IMMEDIATELY DISMISSED AS LIES, THOUGH MANY OF THE QUOTES COME FROM THOSE WHO DO NOT BELIEVE IN CREATION, WHILE ANY PRONOUNCEMENT BY ANYONE WHO SUPPORTS EVOLUTION IS GREETED AS IF IT WERE WRITTEN IN STONE BY THE FINGER OF GOD?"

Before you provide a quote from someone you should ask yourself if the person you are quoting would agree with the point you are trying to make. If the answer is "No" then you should be extremely careful in how you proceed because it is unlikely that you are quoting them honestly. YE leaders seem to think that it is OK to change the meaning of a quote by removing the context and to then tell their followers that some scientists has said something with which the scientist in question would not actually agree. This is also known as bearing false witness. Do you agree or disagree?

Look at the very first quote in your list. It is presented as a quote against evolution by a very prominent scientist. But when the context is added, the meaning changes drastically and it becomes obvious that Gould was not speaking against evolution but against gradualism. Your source did not treat the quote honestly. They changed the meaning by very selectively removing context. In the follow on quote I provided from Gould, he showed great frustration at the dishonest quoting of him that has been done.

Your source also labeled several folks as non-YE who other YE organizations claim as members of their own. This is a misrepresentation. They also use a quote from a guy who has written a whole book on why the source of the quote of his is flat out wrong! If the original source is to be believed, why not the retraction from the same person?!

Finally, why is it that we should accept these out of context opinions as fact, yet the full opinions and full data sets from these same individuals are not to be accepted, in your opinion? Are they valuable experts or not?

"If my memory is correct UTEOTW is not a biologist but a coal researcher."

You are correct. I am a BS chemical engineer involved in clean coal research. I have no special training in biology or geology and therefore you should always check references and experts in these fields before accepting anything I give as opinion in these areas. Only if the topic were to veer in a direction where I do have training beyond the normal person should you consider my opinion to really matter. Very rarely do you ever see this though occasionally something about fossil fuel formation or thermodynamics will come up.

"Not that biologists are uniquely qualified to testify to the truth or falsity of macro-evolution."

Actually they are. If you do not have the proper training in a field, then your opinion of matters in it is not a properly informed one. You can give them all day, nothing is wrong with that. But your opinions should not be considered as truthful without someone going back and checking into the references of those in the field. Otherwise, it is a fallacious appeal to authority.

"Also if my memory is correct UTEOTW argued earlier in a post that micro-evolution results in macro-cvolution. This is apparently a new theory and is pure nonsense."

I will dispute your claim. I think it is fair to say that most biologists assert that most changes are small and are what you would call "microevolution." However, they would also assert, I feel confident, that the large scale changes that we see in the fossil record are nothing more than a series of such small changes. I do not think that there are many well respected biolgists who believe in "hopeful monsters" or in large changes in a single generation. If you really think that this is "a new theory and is pure nonsense" then I would ask that you provide some documentation that most biologists actually do not think that change occurs incrementally. Until such information is provided, I stand by my assertion.

[snip thermodynamic discussion]

You never came to a point on the thermo stuff so it is difficult to have any comments. You seem like you might be headed in some direction where an equivocation of thermodynamic and informational entropy is made. You should be cautioned that they do use the same terminology amd that the concepts of entropy in each have some similar ideas and relationships, but only thermodynamic entropy is applicable to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

You should also be cautioned about just what thermodynamics means when it talks of the order or disorder of a system. It is order on the scale of how the individual molecules and atoms are arranged and is not, I repeat not, the same as what you think of as order on a macro scale. An example may be in order.

Let's say you have a box of steam. No matter what way you examine the steam molecules, it looks essentially the same. The individual molecules are relativelt far apart and moving with similar speeds. The situation would be said to have a great deal of symmetry.

Now let's say you cool the steam to water. While there is still a great deal of symmetry, the molecules are now close enough together to begin interacting somewhat. Since water is a polar molecule, some of the positive and negative areas of different moecules begin to attract. The is a little more order to the system. You cannot look at as many differnt views and see the same thing. The entropy is said to have decreased.

Finally you cool the water until it forms ice. Now it forms a crystalline structure. There is a very regular pattern. There is very little symmetry. Only certian views can be said to be the same. The entropy is now very low because the water molecules are in a very ordered state.

That is what is meant by order and disorder with regard to entropy. There is another lessons to take. While the entropy of the water decreased in our thought experiment, the entropy of the universe increased. The lesson is that it is the total entropy that must increase, local decreases are possible and everyone has observed them.

Since this thread is about human evolution, if you come back with how thermodynamics prevents evolution from happening, then we will need to see a set of thermodynamic equations and solutions that show where some specific step in the evolution of man from his last common ancestor with the other apes is prevented.
 
T

Travelsong

Guest
Who needs that kind of information?

I want to see more out of context quotes, copy/paste jobs from the FAQ section of AIG and accusations against "know-it-all-scientists".

At least that's all I've come to expect from the YEC crowd.
 
Top