Thanks for asking serious questions supported by Scripture.
He rebuked Cleopas & companion:
Luke 24:25 Then He said to them, “O foolish ones, and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?” 27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself.
and the Apostles:
44 Then He said to them, “These are the words which I spoke to you while I was still with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms concerning Me.” 45 And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures.
46 Then He said to them, “Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead the third day, 47 and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem. 48 And you are witnesses of these things. 49 Behold, I send the Promise of My Father upon you; but tarry in the city of Jerusalem until you are endued with power from on high.”
Did he give them any reason to believe he would establish an earthly kingdom? NO!  They were very slow to understand as the expectation of an Israelite kingdom centred on Jerusalem was so ingrained that they just could not understand.
Let the wonder of the opening verses of Ephesians sink in:
3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ, 4 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 6 to the praise of the glory of His grace, by which He made us accepted in the Beloved.
The wonder of the relationship of the redeemed people of God with their God & Saviour - & each other in Christ.
I don't get your comment in red. Jesus told her: "
Ye know not what ye ask."
They were confused, & they refused to believe his repeated plain statements of betrayal, rejection, crucifixion & resurrection.
Peter explains the other nation as the multinational church. 1 Peter 2.
Now you are being silly. THey were indeed members of Jesus' kingdom -
Rev. 1:5b To Him who loved us and washed us from our sins in His own blood, 6 and has made us kings and priests to His God and Father, to Him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.
The Apostles certainly judged Israel in Acts 4, so the guilty leaders had nothing to answer.
Stephen judged his accusers. (Acts 7) Paul even judged his hearers before they rejected him & his message.
Acts 13:40 Beware therefore, lest what has been spoken in the prophets come upon you:
41 ‘Behold, you despisers,
Marvel and perish!
For I work a work in your days,
A work which you will by no means believe,
Though one were to declare it to you.’
And the chief priests:
Acts 23:3 Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! For you sit to judge me according to the law, and do you command me to be struck contrary to the law?”
Zacharias is quoting OT prophecy. There is a lot more teaching about Jesus to come.
Times of refreshing did come, & were evident during the Apostolic period. He can't mean that if all the Jews repented, God would send Jesus as an earthly king, because in the same sentence Jesus will stay in heaven until 
the times of restoration of all things. His coming at the passing away of heaven & earth. (Mat. 24:35, 2 Peter 3.)
At the time of Acts 3, the Jews' leaders had not rejected the Apostolic Gospel, though they were about to.
What do YOU think the Holy Spirit meant by Peter's statement in Acts 3:19-21? 
What do you think Jesus meant by these comings?
John 14:3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also. 4 And where I go you know, and the way you know.”
 18 I will not leave you orphans; I will come to you.
23 Jesus answered and said to him, “If anyone loves Me, he will keep My word; and My Father will love him, and We will come to him and make Our home with him.
28 You have heard Me say to you, ‘I am going away and coming back to you.’ If you loved Me, you would rejoice because I said, ‘I am going to the Father,’ for My Father is greater than I.