poncho,
I have only a minor disagreement, with the history presented in the first quote (I couldn't find it in the Halbrook article, but I skimmed through it quickly).
There is a hidden history of the Second Amendment which is long overdue to be written. It is this: during the ratification period of 1787-1791, Congress and the states considered two entirely separate groups of amendments to the Constitution. The first group was a declaration of rights, in which the right of the people to keep and bear arms appeared. The second group, consisting of amendments related to the structure of government, included recognition of the power of states to maintain militias. The former became the Bill of Rights, while the latter was defeated.[3] Somehow, through some Orwellian rewriting (p.132)of history, as applied to the issues of the right of the people to keep and bear arms and the state militia power, that which was defeated has become the meaning of that which was adopted.
First of all, there are two different periods of ratification, one of the Constitution itself, 1787-1788, the other for the BoR, 1789--1791. This confusion of the two periods compounds the following mis-statement, that there were two entirely separate groups of amendments. The amendments were proposed by some of the states to Congress as part of their ratifications. They all included a mix, though Massachusetts and South Carolina's can be said to have been more heavily concentrated on structural changes. The amendments were digested and catalogued by Madison, who presented some of them to the House as a resolution which they debated. After going through the process of debate, a group of twelve of them were sent to the states for ratification, which were all "rights" changes and not structural changes (see From Parchment to Power: How James Madison Used the Bill of Rights to Save the Constitution by Robert Goldwin, an excellent account of Madison's efforts to guide the amendments through to prevent structural changes). There were not two separate groups, either presented to Congress by the states in their ratification of the Constitution, nor presented by Congress to the states for their ratification of the amendments. If that is from Halbrook, it is probably my only disagreement with him. I've read several articles by him and he is an excellent historian of the Second Amendment.