Polycarp never used the phrase 'Kuriakeh Hehmera'.
He did not <<emphasize on Passover>>.
Although Marcion was strongly anti-Jewish, <<Macionists>> did not <<start to change it (Day of Worship) to Sunday in the early 2C>>.
But
Polycarp also was not only instructed by apostles, and conversed with many who had seen Christ, but was also, by apostles in Asia, appointed bishop of the Church in Smyrna…always taught the things which he had learned from the apostles, and which the Church has handed down, and which alone are true. To these things all the Asiatic Churches testify, as do also those men who have succeeded
Polycarp down to the present time -- a man who was of much greater weight, and a more stedfast witness of truth, than Valentinus, and Marcion, and the rest of the heretics. He it was who, coming to Rome in the time of Anicetus caused many to turn away from the aforesaid heretics to the Church of God, proclaiming that he had received this one and sole truth from the apostles... John, the disciple of the Lord…exclaiming, "Let us fly, lest even the bath-house fall down, because Cerinthus, the enemy of the truth, is within." And
Polycarp himself replied to Marcion, who met him on one occasion, and said, "Dost thou know me?" "I do know thee, the first-born of Satan" (Irenaeus. Adversus Haeres. Book III, Chapter 4, Verse 3 and Chapter 3, Verse 4).
Valentinus,
Cerinthus, and
Marcion are considered by Catholics and others to have been Gnostic heretics, while
Hyginus,
Pius, and
Anicetus were claimed bishops of Rome. Thus these quotes from Irenaeus show that the supposed Roman bishops did not have a higher leadership role than
Polycarp of Smyrna had, because it apparently took the stature of the visiting
Polycarp to turn many Romans away from the Gnostic heretics. The other reality is that according to Tertullian, it took the Church of Rome decades before they got rid of those heretics (Tertullian. The Prescription against Heretics, Chapter 30. Translated by Peter Holmes. Electronic Version Copyright © 2006 by Kevin Knight. All rights reserved), thus suggesting that Rome tolerated heresies much more than
Polycarp did.
Cerinthus taught allegorizing of scripture, taught that non-biblical tradition was more important than scripture, blended Gnostic teachings with the Bible, implemented improper festivals, claimed to be an apostle, and claimed that angels gave him messages. Although the
Apostle John denounced him, many of his teachings eventually found their way into the Church of Rome. More on Cerinthus can be found in the article
Cerinthus: An early heretic.
Marcion was possibly the first heretic to attempt to do away with the Sabbath. Valentinus of Rome, who
Polycarp denounced, who is believed to have been the first affiliated with Christianity to teach the
Trinitarian concept of three hypostasis or make any clear statement of ‘equality’ regarding three alleged persons of God. But notice that the Church of Rome tolerated them both for decades, yet
Polycarp denounced them.
Irenaeus also reported:
And when the blessed Polycarp was sojourning in Rome in the time of Anicetus, although a slight controversy had arisen among them as to certain other points…For neither could Anicetus persuade Polycarp to forego the observance [in his own way], inasmuch as these things had been always observed by John the disciple of our Lord, and by other apostles with whom he had been conversant; nor, on the other hand, could Polycarp succeed in persuading Anicetus to keep [the observance in his way], for he maintained that he was bound to adhere to the usage of the presbyters who preceded him. And in this state of affairs they held fellowship with each other; and Anicetus conceded to Polycarp in the Church the celebration of the Eucharist, by way of showing him respect; so that they parted in peace one from the other, maintaining peace with the whole Church, both those who did observe [this custom] and those who did not Irenaeus. (FRAGMENTS FROM THE LOST WRITINGS OF IRENAEUS. Translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Excerpted from Volume I of The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors); American Edition copyright © 1885. Electronic version copyright © 1997 by New Advent, Inc.).
http://www.cogwriter.com/polycarp.htm
It was reported that Polycarp was arrested in the evening of Sabbath and martyred on the High Sabbath.
In other words, there was still the custom of remembering the Sabbath, High Sabbath ( Passover Sabbath).
Ploycarp fought for Passover against Easter.